SURAH (13) AR-RA'D (AYA 21 to 43)

وَالَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ وَيَخَافُونَ سُوءَ الْحِسَابِ {13:21}

[Q13:21] Wallazeena yasiloona maaa amaral laahu bihee an yoosala wa yakhshawna Rabbahum wa yakhaafoona sooo'al hisaab;
[Q13:21] And those who join that which ALLAH (SWT) has bidden to be joined and have awe of their Lord and fear the evil reckoning.

[Q13:21] Dan orang-orang yang menghubungkan perkara-perkara yang disuruh oleh ALLAH (SwT) supaya dihubungkan dan yang menaruh bimbang akan kemurkaan Tuhan mereka, serta takut kepada kesukaran yang akan dihadapi semasa soaljawab dan hitungan amal (pada hari kiamat); 

The Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) said:

(i) To worship ALLAH (SWT), pray the prescribed salat regularly.

(ii) Safeguard yourself against evil with full awareness of ALLAH (SWT)'s laws and commands.

(iii) Do not associate any with ALLAH (SWT) and

(iv) Love and take care of your family.   (Reported by Abu Ayyub Ansari)

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(13:21) They join together what Allah has bidden to join: *38 they fear their Lord and dread lest they should be called upon to render a heavy reckoning.

*38 That is, "AII those social and civil relations that are conducive to the correct and right conduct of collective human life." 

وَالَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً وَيَدْرَءُونَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ {13:22}

[Q13:22] Wallazeena sabarub tighaaa'a Wajhi Rabbihim wa aqaamus Salaata wa anfaqoo mimmaa razaqnaahum sirranw wa 'alaaniyatanw wa yadra'oona bilhasanatis saiyi'ata ulaaa'ika lahum 'uqbad daar, 
[Q13:22] And those who are constant, seeking the pleasure of their Lord, and keep up prayer and spend (benevolently) out of what We have given them secretly and openly and repel evil with good; as for those, they shall have the (happy) issue of the abode

[Q13:22] Dan orang-orang yang sabar kerana mengharapkan keredaan Tuhan mereka semata-mata dan mendirikan sembahyang, serta mendermakan dari apa yang Kami kurniakan kepada mereka, secara bersembunyi atau secara terbuka dan mereka pula menolak kejahatan dengan cara yang baik; mereka itu semuanya adalah disediakan baginya balasan yang sebaik-baiknya pada hari akhirat;

Refer to the commentary of al Baqarah 2:3, 45 and 112.

"Repel evil with good" implies DOING GOOD TO HIM WHO HAS DONE EVIL TO YOU, or forgiving the evil-doer and the aggressor, or giving the rightful share to him who has once deprived you of your legitimate rights, or accommodating him who has refused to co-operate with you, or to be polite with him who has been haughty to you, or to greet him who has abused you, or TO SEEK FORGIVENESS OF ALLAH (SWT) AS SOON AS A SIN IS COMMITTED.

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(13:22) They show fortitude to win the approval of their Lord. *39 They establish Salat and expend openly and secretly out of what We have bestowed upon them and ward off evil with good. *40

*39 "They show fortitude": they remain self-possessed and keep under control all their desires and lusts and do not transgress the bounds, and they do not yield to temptations to disobey their Lord in order to gain advantages and gratify their desires: nay, they bear with calm courage and endurance losses and afflictions that are inevitable in the obedience of AIIah. If we consider the life of a believer from this point of view, we shall find that the whole of his life is the life of endurance and fortitude, for he keeps himself under control in very trying circumstances in this world in the hope of winning the approval of his Lord and in the expectation of gaining permanent benefits in the Hereafter: so he fights with fortitude every temptation to sin.
*40 That is, "If others do evil to them, they do not do evil in return but do good instead: they do not fight mischief with mischief but with virtue. Howsoever unjust one may be to them, they do justice in every case. Likewise, they remain truthful and honest even in the cast of those who tell lies against them and show dishonesty towards them."
There is a Tradition of the Holy Prophet to the same effect: "You should not imitate others in your conduct towards other people, for it is wrong to say, 'We will do goodness to others, if they do goodness to us and we will do injustice to them if they are unjust to us.' (On the other hand,) you should follow this principle: if others do goodness to you, you should do goodness to them, but if they do evil to you, you should not be unjust to them'."
There is another Tradition, which begins with the words: "My Lord has bidden me to do nine things. Four of these things are, `I should behave justly towards everyone whether I am pleased or offended with him. I should render the right even of the one who violates my rights. I should pay the dues even of the one who depraves me of my due. I should forgive the one who has been unjust to me'." There is yet another Tradition to the same effect: "Don't be faithless even to the one who has been faithless to you." There is also a saying of Hadrat 'Umar that amounts to the same thing. "The best way of punishing the one, who does not fear God in his dealings with you, is that you should fear God in your dealings with him." 

جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا وَمَنْ صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ ۖ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ بَابٍ {13:23}

[Q13:23] jannaatu 'adiny yadkhu loonahaa wa man salaha min aabaaa'ihim wa man salaha min aabaaa'ihim wa azwaajihim wa zurriyyaatihim walmalaaa'i katu yadkhuloona 'alaihim min kulli baab. 
[Q13:23] The gardens of perpetual abode which they will enter along with those who do good from among their parents and their spouses and their offspring; and the angels will enter in upon them from every gate:

[Q13:23] Iaitu Syurga yang kekal yang mereka akan memasukinya bersama-sama orang-orang yang mengerjakan amal soleh dari ibu bapa mereka dan isteri-isteri mereka serta anak-anak mereka; sedang malaikat-malaikat pula akan masuk kepada mereka dari tiap-tiap pintu;

In the eternal garden of bliss the righteous will be reunited with all those near and dear ones whom they loved, provided that they were righteous also, BECAUSE in eternity nothing else counts. Refer to Yusuf 12:101. The angels shall enter through many gates to convey glad tidings and "peace" from ALLAH (SWT).

(13:23) Their's shall be the abode of the Hereafter: Gardens wherein they will live for ever. They will enter into them along with the righteous from among their forefathers, wives and descendants. The angels will come to welcome them from every side, saying,

سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ {13:24}

[Q13:24] Salaamun 'alaikum bimaa sabartum; fani'ma 'uqbad daar. 
[Q13:24] Peace be on you because you were constant, how excellent, is then, the issue of the abode.

[Q13:24] (Memberi hormat dengan berkata): Selamat sejahteralah kamu berpanjangan, disebabkan kesabaran kamu. Maka amatlah baiknya balasan amal kamu di dunia dahulu.  

(see commentary for verse 23)

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(13:24) "Peace be upon you. *41 You have won this blessing because of what you steadfastly endured in the world." How blessed is this abode of the Hereafter!

*41 This implies two things. The angels will come in large numbers from every side and give them this good news: "Now you have come to a place where there is peace for you. Here you arc immune from every affliction, every trouble, every hardship, and every danger and worry." (For details please see E.N. 29 of Al-Hijr). 

وَالَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ {13:25}

[Q13:25] Wallazeena yanqudoona 'Ahdal laahi mim ba'di meesaaqihee wa yaqta'oona maaa amaral laahu biheee ai yoosala wa yufsidoona fil ardi ulaaa'ika lahumul la'natu wa lahum sooo'ud daar. 
[Q13:25] And those who break the covenant of ALLAH (SWT) after its confirmation and cut asunder that which ALLAH (SWT) has ordered to be joined and make mischief in the land; (as for) those, upon them shall be curse and they shall have the evil (issue) of the abode.

[Q13:25] Dan (sebaliknya) orang-orang yang merombak (mencabuli) perjanjian ALLAH (SwT) sesudah diperteguhkannya dan memutuskan perkara-perkara yang disuruh oleh ALLAH (SwT) supaya dihubungkan, serta mereka pula membuat kerosakan dan bencana di muka bumi, mereka itu beroleh laknat dan mereka pula beroleh balasan hari akhirat yang seburuk-buruknya.

This is the opposite of that which has been stated in verses 21 to 24 of this surah.

r  IT IS APPLICABLE TO THE COVENANT TAKEN AT GHADIR KHUM (refer to the commentary of Ma-idah 5:67) and the "love of Ahlul Bayt" mentioned in Shura 42:23.

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(13:25) As for those who break their Covenant with Allah after confirming it, who cut asunder what Allah has bidden to be joined, and spread chaos on the earth, their's shall be the curse, and they shall have a wretched abode in the Hereafter.

اللَّهُ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ وَفَرِحُوا بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا مَتَاعٌ {13:26}

[Q13:26] Allaahu yabsutur rizqa limai yashaaa'u wa yaqdir; wa farihoo bilhayaatid dunyaa wa mal hayaatud dunya fil Aakhirati illaa mataa'. 

[Q13:26] ALLAH (SWT) amplifies and straitens the means of subsistence for whom He pleases; and they rejoice in this world's life, and this world's life is nothing compared with the hereafter but a temporary enjoyment.
[Q13:26] ALLAH (SwT) memewahkan rezeki bagi sesiapa yang dikehendakiNya dan Dia juga yang menyempitkannya dan mereka (yang ingkar): Bergembira dengan kehidupan dunia, sedang kehidupan dunia itu tidak lain, hanyalah kesenangan yang kecil dan tidak, kekal berbanding dengan kesenangan hari akhirat. 

Refer to al Bara-at 9:38.

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(13:26) Allah gives abundantly His provisions to whom He will and sparingly to whom He pleases. *42 These people are wholly absorbed in the joys of this life, whereas the life of this world is but a paltry thing as compared with the life of the Hereafter.

*42 This verse refutes the wrong criterion by which the disbelievers of Makkah (and all other foolish people of the world) judged whether one was or was not a favorite of God. They judged a man's worth by his wealth and worldly prosperity and not by his faith and righteous conduct. They thought that the one who was enjoying all the good things of life was a favorite of God, even if he had erroneous beliefs and did wicked deeds. On the other hand, they considered the one who was poor and indigent to be under the wrath of God, even though he was righteous. That is why in their judgement the chiefs of the Quraish were far superior to the followers of the Holy Prophet. They would say, "You can see for yourselves that God is with the chiefs of the Quraish."
In this verse, AIlah has warned there that they are absolutely wrong in drawing such a conclusion from the worldly conditions of the people. AIIah gives His provision to the people abundantly or sparingly for reasons different from those which they presumed and richness or poverty is no criterion by which to judge the worth of people. The real criterion of judging the worth of people is their beliefs and deeds. The one, who has righteous beliefs and dces good deeds, shall be higher in rank than the one who has wrong beliefs and does evil deeds. Thus the real criterion is the quality of one's deeds and not the possession or the lack of wealth. 

SECTION 4

Remambrance of ALLAH sets, hearts at rest

ALLAH leaves to go astray whomsoever he wills, and guide he towards Him whomsoever turns to Him---The warth of ALLAH shall reached the disbelievers.

وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ {13:27}

[Q13:27] Wa yaqoolul lazeena kafaroo law laaa unzila 'alaihi Aayatum mir Rabbih; qul innal laaha yudillu mai yashaa'u wa yahdeee ilaihi man anaab. 
[Q13:27] And those who disbelieve say: Why is not a sign sent down upon him by his Lord? Say: Surely ALLAH (SWT) makes him who will go astray, and guides to Himself those who turn (to Him).

[Q13:27] Dan orang-orang yang kafir berkata: Mengapa tidak diturunkan kepada (Muhammad) satu mukjizat dari Tuhannya? Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): Sesungguhnya ALLAH (SwT) menyesatkan sesiapa yang dikehendakiNya (menurut undang-undang peraturanNya), dan memberi petunjuk ke jalan agamanya, sesiapa yang rujuk kepadaNya, -

Refer to the commentary of verse 7 of this surah.

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(13:27) Those people who have rejected (Muhammad as a Prophet) say, "Why has no Sign been sent down to him from his Lord? *43 -Say, "Allah leads astray whom He will; and He leads to Himself only those who turn to Him." *44

*43 Please also keep in view the answer that has been given to this question in v.7. 
*44 This is the answer to their question. It is not due to the lack of signs that they were going astray, but it is the lack of any desire in them to seek right guidance. For Allah does not force one to follow the Right Way, if he deliberately turns away from it. He lets such persons wander on the wrong ways they choose to wander. Nay, even all those things that should serve as a means to guidance for a seeker of truth, become the means of deviation for the one who seeks deviation. So much so that that very torch which helps show the way to the former, dazzles the eyes of the latter. This is how Allah Leads astray a person.
This answer to the demand of a Sign is matchless in its eloquence. It says to them, "O foolish people! It is not due to the lack of Signs that you are not finding the right path, but it is due to the lack of any desire in you for it. You do not see any of the countless Signs that lie scattered all around you because you have no desire to go to the Right Way. How can then any Sign be helpful to you? For you would not see any of those Signs. However, those who seek the Right Way to Allah, see these Signs and find the Right Way with their help." 

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَتَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ۗ أَلَا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ {13:28}

[Q13:28] Allazeena aamanoo wa tatma'innu quloobuhum bizikril laah; alaa bizikril laahi tatma'innul quloub. 
[Q13:28] Those who believe and whose hearts are set at rest by the remembrance of ALLAH (SWT); now surely by ALLAH (SWT)'s remembrance are the hearts set at rest.

[Q13:28] (Iaitu) orang-orang yang beriman dan tenang tenteram hati mereka dengan "zikrullah". Ketahuilah dengan "zikrullah" itu, tenang tenteramlah hati manusia. 

Refer to Anfal 7:2. TRANQUILLITY AND FEAR are apparently opposite to each other. A true believer seeks tranquillity in the midst of conflicting desires of the worldly life and fears when he feels that there are many shortcomings in his submission to ALLAH (SWT). THE REMEMBRANCE OF ALLAH (SWT) PRODUCES THESE EFFECTS SIMULTANEOUSLY IN HIM AND SETS HIM FREE FROM ALL WORLDLY WORRIES.

ß  Ali ibne Abi Talib said:

"A true believer has no worry except about his failure to fulfil his duties to the Lord."

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(13:28) Such are the people who have accepted (the Message of this Prophet,) and their hearts find comfort in the remembrance of Allah. Note it well that it is Allah's remembrance alone that brings comfort to hearts.

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ طُوبَىٰ لَهُمْ وَحُسْنُ مَآبٍ {13:29}

[Q13:29] Allazeena aamanoo wa'amilus saalihaati toobaa lahum wa husnu ma aab. 
[Q13:29] (As for) those who believe and do good, a good final state shall be theirs and a goodly return.

[Q13:29] Orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal soleh, beroleh kebahagiaan yang amat menggembirakan dan tempat kembali yang sebaik-baiknya.  

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(13:29) Blessed are those who have accepted the Message and done righteous deeds: they have a good end.

كَذَٰلِكَ أَرْسَلْنَاكَ فِي أُمَّةٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهَا أُمَمٌ لِتَتْلُوَ عَلَيْهِمُ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ وَهُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ ۚ قُلْ هُوَ رَبِّي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ مَتَابِ {13:30}

[Q13:30] Kazaalika arsalnaaka feee ummatin qad khalat min qablihaaa umamul litatluwa 'alaihimul lazeee awhainaaa ilaika wa hum yakfuroona bir Rahmaaan; qul Huwa Rabbee laaa ilaaha illaa Huwa Rabbee laaa ilaaha illaa Huwa 'alaihi tawakkaltu wa ilaihi mataab. 
[Q13:30] And thus We have sent you among a nation before which other nations have passed away, that you might recite to them what We have revealed to you and (still) they deny the Beneficent ALLAH (SWT). Say: He is my Lord, there is no ALLAH (SWT) but He; on Him do I rely and to Him is my return.

[Q13:30] Demikianlah, Kami utuskan engkau (wahai Muhammad) kepada satu umat yang telah lalu sebelumnya beberapa umat yang lain, supaya engkau membacakan kepada mereka Al-Quran yang Kami wahyukan kepadamu, sedang mereka kufur kepada (ALLAH (SwT)) Ar-Rahman Katakanlah: Dialah Tuhanku, tiada Tuhan (yang berhak disembah) melainkan Dia. KepadaNyalah aku berserah diri dan kepadaNyalah tempat kembaliku (dan kamu semuanya).

ß  Abu Jahl and Abdullah bin Umayya asked the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) to level the mountains and make rivers flow in their places so that they might cultivate corn. Then these verses were revealed.

Ya-asi actually means despair, BUT it is sometimes used figuratively in the sense of knowing, BECAUSE he who gives up hope knows that what he had hoped will not take place. ***DESPAIR IS HERE SYNONYMOUS WITH KNOWLEDGE.

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(13:30) O Muhammad! We have sent you as a Messenger in this way *45 among a people before whom many peoples have passed away so that you should recite to them the Message which We have sent down to you; yet they are rejecting the most Compassionate Lord. *46 Say to them, "My Lord is He: there is no deity but He: I have placed my full trust in Him and He is my sole Resort."

*45 That is, "In this way that We have not given you a Sign they demanded. 
*46 That is, "Instead of serving that most Compassionate Lord, they are discarding His service and setting up other partners in His attributes, powers, rights and giving thanks to others for His blessings." 

وَلَوْ أَنَّ قُرْآنًا سُيِّرَتْ بِهِ الْجِبَالُ أَوْ قُطِّعَتْ بِهِ الْأَرْضُ أَوْ كُلِّمَ بِهِ الْمَوْتَىٰ ۗ بَلْ لِلَّهِ الْأَمْرُ جَمِيعًا ۗ أَفَلَمْ يَيْأَسِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ لَوْ يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ لَهَدَى النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا ۗ وَلَا يَزَالُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا تُصِيبُهُمْ بِمَا صَنَعُوا قَارِعَةٌ أَوْ تَحُلُّ قَرِيبًا مِنْ دَارِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ وَعْدُ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ {13:31}

[Q13:31] Wa law anna Quraanan suyyirat bihil jibaalu aw qutti'at bihil ardu aw kullima bihil mawtaa; bal lillaahil amru jamee'aa; afalam yai'asil lazeena aamanooo al law yashaaa 'ullaahu lahadan naasa jamee'aa; wa laa yazaalul lazeena kafaroo tuseebuhum bimaa sana'oo qaari'atun aw tahullu qareebam min daarihim hatta yaatiya wa'dul laah; innal laaha laa yukhliful mee'aad. 
[Q13:31] And even if there were a Qur’an with which the mountains were made to pass away, or the earth were travelled over with it, or the dead were made to speak thereby; nay! The commandment is wholly ALLAH (SWT)'s, Have not yet those who believe known that if ALLAH (SWT) please He would certainly guide all the people? And (as for) those who disbelieve, there will not cease to afflict them because of what they do a repelling calamity, or it will alight close by their abodes, until the promise of ALLAH (SWT) comes about; surely ALLAH (SWT) will not fail in (His) promise.

[Q13:31] Dan kalaulah ada mana-mana Kitab Suci yang dengan sebabnya gunung-ganang terbongkar bergerak dari tempatnya atau dengan sebabnya bumi dipecah-belah mengeluarkan isi kandungannya atau dengan sebabnya orang-orang yang telah mati dapat menjawab kata-kata yang dihadapkan kepadanya, maka Al-Quran ialah Kitab Suci yang mengandungi mukjizat. (Tetapi lahirnya sesuatu mukjizat itu adalah menurut kehendak ALLAH (SwT)), bahkan segala urusan tertentu bagi ALLAH (SwT). Maka tidakkah orang-orang yang beriman mengetahui bahawa kalaulah ALLAH (SwT) menghendaki tentulah Dia memberi petunjuk kepada umat manusia seluruhnya, (lalu menjadikan mereka semuanya beriman) dan orang-orang yang kafir itu (dengan sebab kekufuran mereka) sentiasa ditimpa bala bencana (ke atas diri atau harta benda mereka); atau pun bala bencana itu turun menimpa tempat-tempat yang berhampiran dengan tempat tinggal mereka (lalu menjadikan mereka gempar kecemasan), sehinggalah datang janji ALLAH (SwT) (hari kiamat dan azabnya); sesungguhnya ALLAH (SwT) tidak memungkiri janjiNya.  

Ya-asi actually means despair, BUT IT IS SOMETIMES used figuratively in the sense of knowing, BECAUSE he who gives up hope knows that what he had hoped will not take place. Despair is here synonymous with knowledge. Here the original interpreting it as despair also is not incorrect.

Then the translation would be: ‘Did not the believers give up the hope of the conversion of the disbelievers to belief on the ground that if ALLAH (SWT) willed He would have guided all’

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(13:31) And what (do you think) would have been the result, if We had sent a Qur'an that would have caused the mountains to move or cleft the earth asunder or made the dead speak? *47 (It is not difficult at all to show such Signs) for Allah has full power over everything. *48 Have the Believers (still any expectations of a Sign in answer to the demand of the disbelievers and) not given up all hope, (knowing) that Allah could have guided all mankind aright, *49 if He had so desired? As for the disbelievers, because of their misdeeds, one affliction or the other does not cease to visit them every now and then, or come near their home. It will go on like this untill Allah's threat come to pass. Indeed, Allah does not fail to bring about His threat.

*47 This verse has been addressed to the Believers who were feeling uneasy that no such Sign was being sent as was demanded by the disbelievers. They thought that such a Sign would convince the disbelievers and they would accept Islam. Therefore when no such Sign was sent, they became all the more uneasy for the lack of the fulfilment of the demand that gave rise to doubts about the Prophethood of the Messenger. The question posed in this verse is meant to remove that uneasiness of the Muslims. It is like this: "Do you think that they would have embraced Islam if such and such Signs had been shown to them all of a sudden along with a Surah of the Qur'an? Are you under the delusion that they are quite ready to accept Islam and are waiting only for such a Sign? Do you think that those people who have failed to see the light of the Truth in the teachings of the Qur'an, in the phenomena of the universe, in the pure and spotless life of the Holy Prophet and in the wonderful change in the lives of his Companions, would see the light of the Truth in the moving of the mountains, in the cleavage of the earth and in the coming out of the dead from the graves?"
*48 "Allah has full power over everything" and can show any Sign if He so desires. He is not showing any Sign for it dces not fit in the scheme laid down for the guidance of Man. As the real object is to show Guidance to mankind through the Prophet and not to compel them to believe in the Prophethood of a Prophet, He desires that the people should gain guidance by thinking and observing wisely and not by seeing Signs. 
*49 That is, "If the object had been to make human beings Believers even without consciously understanding it, Allah could have created them Believers by birth.

SECTION 5

Apostles of ALLAH were mocked at

Mockers at the truth given respite but shall be requited and brought low---The disbelievers shall be chastised in this world as well as in the hereafter and the punishment for them in the hereafter will certainly be more grevious and lasting.

وَلَقَدِ اسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فَأَمْلَيْتُ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهُمْ ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عِقَابِ {13:32}

[Q13:32] Wa laqadis tuhzi'a bi Rusulim min qablika fa amlaitu lillazeena kafaroo summa akhaztuhum fakaifa kaana 'iqaab.

[Q13:32] And messengers before you were certainly mocked at, but I gave respite to those who disbelieved, then I destroyed them; how then was My requital (of evil)?
[Q13:32] Dan sesungguhnya telahpun diejek-ejekkan Rasul-rasul yang diutus sebelummu (wahai Muhammad), lalu aku biarkan orang-orang yang tidak percayakan Rasul-rasul itu ke suatu masa yang tertentu, kemudian Aku menimpakan mereka dengan azab; maka tidaklah terperi seksanya azabKu itu.

Refer to Anam 6:10 and the punishment inflicted upon the people of Nuh, Hud, Lut, Salih, and Shu-ayb and also Firawn in the times of Prophet Musa, mentioned in Araf and Hud.

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(13:32) Other Messengers have also been mocked before you, but I have always given respite to the disbelievers and then seized upon them at its end. Just see how terrible had been My Scourge!

أَفَمَنْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ ۗ وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ ۚ أَمْ تُنَبِّئُونَهُ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَمْ بِظَاهِرٍ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ ۗ بَلْ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مَكْرُهُمْ وَصُدُّوا عَنِ السَّبِيلِ ۗ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ {13:33}

[Q13:33] Afaman Huwa qaaa'imun 'alaa kulli nafsim bimaa kasabat; wa ja'aloo illlaahi shurakaaa'a qul samoohum; am tunabbi'oona hoo bimaa laa ya'lamu fil ardi; am bizaahirim minal qawl; bal zuyyina lillazeena kafaroo makruhum wa suddoo 'anis sabeel; wa mai yudlilil laaahu famaa lahoo min haad. 
[Q13:33] Is He then Who watches every soul as to what it earns? And yet they give associates to ALLAH (SWT)! Say: Give them a name; nay, do you mean to inform Him of what He does not know in the earth, or (do you affirm this) by an outward saying? Rather, their plans are made to appear fair-seeming to those who disbelieve, and they are kept back from the path; and whom ALLAH (SWT) makes err, he shall have no guide.

[Q13:33] Setelah diketahui demikian maka tidaklah patut disamakan ALLAH (SwT) Tuhan yang berkuasa mengawas tiap-tiap diri dan mengetahui akan apa yang telah diusahakan oleh diri-diri itu, (dengan makhluk yang tidak bersifat demikian). Dalam pada itu, mereka yang kafir telah menjadikan beberapa makhluk sebagai sekutu bagi ALLAH (SwT). Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): Namakanlah kamu akan mereka (yang kamu sembah itu). Atau adakah kamu hendak memberi tahu kepada ALLAH (SwT) akan apa yang tidak diketahuiNya di bumi? Atau adakah kamu menamakannya dengan kata-kata yang lahir (sedang pada hakikatnya tidak demikian)? Bahkan sebenarnya telah diperhiaskan oleh Iblis bagi orang-orang yang kafir itu akan kekufuran dan tipu daya mereka (terhadap Islam) dan mereka pula disekat oleh hawa nafsu mereka daripada menurut jalan yang benar dan (ingatlah) sesiapa yang disesatkan oleh ALLAH (SwT) (dengan pilihannya yang salah) maka tidak ada sesiapapun yang dapat memberi hidayat petunjuk kepadanya.

Refer to Yusuf 10:40.

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(13:33) What! Are they (so audacious that they are) setting up partners with Him Who is watching minutely over the actions of each and every soul? *50 , *51 O Prophet say to them, "(If God has Himself set them up as His partners) just tell me their names. Do you mean to inform Him of something new that He Himself is unaware of on His earth? Or do you merely utter empty words? *52 Indeed for those who rejected the Message their fraud *53 has been made to appear fair to them and they have been debarred froth the Right Way: *54 and there is none to show the Right Way to those whom Allah lets go astray.

*50 That is, "They are so audacious that they set up partners with Allah Whose knowledge is All-Comprehensive and Who is aware of even the minutest details of the good and bad actions of each individual..." 
*51 These are the audacious things they do. They ascribe partners and equals to Him: they believe that some of His creatures are a part and parcel of His Being, and have attributes and rights like Him: they presume that they shall not be called to account for whatever they do, even though they live in His Kingdom. 
*52 That is, "You give empty names to the partners you ascribe to Him for you have no real knowledge about them". For you could get this knowledge only in one of the three following ways:
First, You might have received some authentic information that Allah had made such and such people as His partners in His attributes, powers and rights. If it is so, please Iet us also know their names and the source of your information. The second possibility is that Allah might have remained ignorant that some beings have become His partners. Therefore you are going to inform Him about this. If it is so, please say it clearly in so many words so that it may be decided whether there are some foolish people who can believe in such a nonsensical claim.
Obviously the above two suppositions are absurd. Therefore the only alternative is that, "You are ascribing partners to Him without any rhyme or reason, and you without any knowledge make one the relative of God, another the hearer of supplications, and still another the helper and fulfiller of certain needs and the ruler of a certain region etc. etc."
*53 Shirk has been called "fraud" because none of the angels, spirits, saints, heavenly bodies, to whom they ascribe Divine attributes and powers or render Divine rights, ever claimed to possess these attributes or powers, nor did they ever demand these rights from the people nor told the people that they would fulfil their desires and wants, if they would perform some rituals of worship before them. As a matter of fact, some clever people invented these gods in order to practice wilful deception and dishonesty so that they might wield powerful influence over the common people and exploit them and deprive them of a part of their hard earned possessions. Accordingly, they made the common people credulous followers of the gods of their inventions and set themselves up as their representatives to get money, etc.., from them by this fraud.
The second reason why shirk has been called "fraud" is that a worldly man pretends to believe in it not because he wants to believe in it but in order to free himself from aII moral restraints to enable him to lead an irresponsible life of treed and lust.
The third reason is given below in E. N. 54.
*54 Shirk is also `fraud' in the sense that it has been made to appear fair for them and so leads them into deviation and prevents them from coming back to the Right Way. It is like this: When mushriks adopt wrong ways of deviation that suit the kind of lives they wish to lead, they have to invent arguments to pacify their consciences and convince other people that grey are on the right way. Naturally this fraud confirms them on the way of deviation and they are debarred from the Right Way. 

لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَشَقُّ ۖ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَاقٍ {13:34}

[Q13:34] Lahum 'azaabun fil hayaatid dunyaa wa la'azaabul Aakhirati ashaaq, wa maa lahum minal laahi min-waaq. 
[Q13:34] They shall have chastisement in this world's life, and the chastisement of the hereafter is certainly more grievous, and they shall have no protector against ALLAH (SWT).

[Q13:34] Mereka beroleh azab dalam kehidupan dunia dan sesungguhnya azab hari akhirat lebih menyeksakan lagi dan tiadalah bagi mereka, sesiapapun yang dapat melindungi mereka dari azab ALLAH (SwT) itu.  

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(13:34) There is a torment for them in the life of this world but the torment in the Hereafter is still more painful; and there is none to protect them from Allah.

مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ ۖ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ أُكُلُهَا دَائِمٌ وَظِلُّهَا ۚ تِلْكَ عُقْبَى الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا ۖ وَعُقْبَى الْكَافِرِينَ النَّارُ {13:35}

[Q13:35] Masalul Jannatil latee wu'idal muttaqoona tajree min tahtihal anhaaru ukuluhaa daaa'imunw wa zilluhaa; tilka uqbal lazeenat taqaw wa 'uqbal kafireenan Naar. 
[Q13:35] A likeness of the garden which the righteous are promised; there now beneath it rivers, its food and shades are perpetual; this is the requital of those who guarded (against evil), and the requital of the unbelievers is the fire.

[Q13:35] Sifat Syurga yang dijanjikan kepada orang-orang yang bertakwa itu ialah air sungai-sungainya sentiasa mengalir di sekitar tamannya; makanannya kekal tidak putus-putus dan naungannya sentiasa teduh. Itulah kesudahan usaha orang-orang yang bertakwa, sedang kesudahan usaha orang-orang yang kafir pula ialah Neraka.

Refer to Nisa 4:57.

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(13:35) As regards the Paradise which the God fearing have been promised it is like this: canals flow beneath it, its fruits are eternal and its shade is perpetual. Such is the reward of the righteous but the reward of the disbelievers is the tire of Hell.

وَالَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ ۖ وَمِنَ الْأَحْزَابِ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ بَعْضَهُ ۚ قُلْ إِنَّمَا أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلَا أُشْرِكَ بِهِ ۚ إِلَيْهِ أَدْعُو وَإِلَيْهِ مَآبِ {13:36}

[Q13:36] Wallazeena aatainaa humul Kitaaba yafrahoona bimaa unzila ilaika wa minal Ahzaabi mai yunkiru ba'dah; qul innamaa umirtu an a'budal laaha wa laaa ushrika bih; ilaihi ad'oo wa ilaihi maab. 
[Q13:36] And those to whom We have given the Book rejoice in that which has been revealed to you, and of the confederates are some who deny a part of it. Say: I am only commanded that I should serve ALLAH (SWT) and not associate anything with Him, to Him do I invite (you) and to Him is my return.

[Q13:36] Dan orang-orang yang Kami berikan Kitab, mereka bersukacita dengan apa yang Kami turunkan kepadamu (wahai Muhammad) dan di antara beberapa kumpulan dari orang-orang itu ada yang mengingkari sebahagiannya. Katakanlah: Sesungguhnya aku hanya diperintahkan supaya menyembah ALLAH (SwT) dan supaya aku tidak mempersekutukanNya dengan sesuatu yang lain: KepadaNyalah aku menyeru (manusia semuanya untuk menyembahNya), dan kepadaNyalah tempat kembaliku (dan kamu semuanya untuk menerima balasan).

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(13:36) O Prophet! Some of those people whom We gave the Book before you rejoice in the Book We have sent down to you while there are others among the different sections who reject some of the things contained in this. Tell them plainly "I have been commanded to worship Allah alone and prohibited from setting up a partner with him. Therefore I invite you to Him and myself turn to Him." *55

*55 This is in reply to a specific objection which was then raised by the disbelievers. They would say, "If he has brought the same Message that was brought by the Messengers before him (as he claims). Why don't the Jews and the Christians who are the followers of the former Prophets come forward and welcome it?" The verse answers the objection and says that the taste followers of the former Prophets really rejoice in the Message of the Qur'an, but the false ones have been offended at it. Then it asks the Holy Prophet not to worry at aII about this, saying, "O Prophet, you should not mind at alI whether they are pleased or offended at it. Tell them plainly that this is the Guidance I have received from my Lord and I will follow it at alI costs." 

وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ حُكْمًا عَرَبِيًّا ۚ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا وَاقٍ {13:37}

[Q13:37] Wa kazaalika anzalnaahu hukman 'Arabiyyaa; wa la'init taba'ta ahwaaa 'ahum ba'da maa jaaa'aka minal 'ilmi maa laka minal laahi minw waliyinw wa laa waaq. 
[Q13:37] And thus have We revealed it, a true judgment in Arabic, and if you follow their low desires after what has come to you of knowledge, you shall not have against ALLAH (SWT) any guardian or a protector.

[Q13:37] Dan demikianlah Kami menurunkan Al-Quran sebagai hukum dalam bahasa Arab dan demi sesungguhnya, jika engkau (wahai Muhammad) menurut kehendak hawa nafsu mereka sesudah datangnya kepadamu wahyu pengetahuan (tentang kebenaran), maka tiadalah engkau peroleh dari ALLAH (SwT) sesuatupun yang dapat mengawal dan memberi perlindungan kepadamu (dari perkara-perkara yang tidak diingini).

The followers of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) are addressed through him.

Refer to the commentary of Ali Imran 3:144.

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(13:37) It is with this instruction that We have sent this Command in Arabic to you. Now if you follow the desires and lusts of the people in spite of the knowledge you have received there shall be none to defend you nor to protect you against Allah.

SECTION 8

The Two witnesses of the Truth

An Apostle can produce a Miracle only with the permission of ALLAH---Every nation has a fixed term---The Mother or the Basic Book with ALLAH---ALLAH’s decision irreversible---Sufficient as a witness of the Truth is ALLAH and he with whom is the knowledge of the Book (Qur’an).

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلًا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَذُرِّيَّةً ۚ وَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِآيَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۗ لِكُلِّ أَجَلٍ كِتَابٌ{13:38}

[Q13:38] Wa laqad arsalnaa Rusulam min qablika wa ja'alnaa lahum azwaajanw wa zurriyyah; wa maa kaana lirasoolin ai yaatiya bi aayatin illaa bi iznil laah; likulli ajalin kitaab. 
[Q13:38] And certainly We sent messengers before you and gave them wives and children, and it is not in (the power of) an messenger to bring a sign except by ALLAH (SWT)'s permission; for every term there is an appointment.

[Q13:38] Dan demi sesungguhnya! Kami telah mengutus Rasul-rasul sebelummu dan Kami jadikan untuk mereka isteri-isteri dan zuriat keturunan dan tiadalah sebarang kuasa bagi seseorang Rasul untuk mendatangkan sesuatu mukjizat melainkan dengan izin ALLAH (SwT). Tiap-tiap satu tempoh dan waktu ada baginya perkara dan hukum yang telah ditentukan oleh "Suratan Azali".

THE MESSENGERS OF ALLAH (SWT) WERE HUMAN BEINGS BUT THEY ACTED EXACTLY AS THEY WERE DIRECTED BY THE DIVINE COMMANDS.

Ì  People taunted saying if the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) was genuinely an Apostle of ALLAH (SWT) why did he take so many wives. THE REPLY IS GIVEN IN THIS VERSE.

Many of the Apostles of the ancient times had a greater number of wives, Viz., David, Solomon, etc. Having more than one wife, does not at all affect the apostleship or the piety of even an ordinary believer.

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(13:38) We have sent many Messengers before you and We assigned to them also wives and children: *56 and no Messenger had the power to show any Sign without the sanction of Allah. *57 Every age had its Book:

*56 This is the answer to another objection. The disbelievers said that Ire could not be a Prophet of AIIah because he had wives and children, for they argued that Prophets had nothing to do with carnal desires. 
*57 This is the answer to yet another objection: "Had he been a taste Prophet, he would have shown a Sign like the shining hand and the miraculous staff of Prophet Moses or he would have restored sight to the blind or cured lepers like Prophet Jesus, or brought a Sign like the she-camel of Prophet Salih". The answer is this: "None of the former Messengers had any power to show any Sign nor has this Prophet: Allah showed a Sign whenever and through whomsoever He considered it to be necessary and will show any Sign whenever He will consider it necessary, and that I have not claimed to possess any such power that such a demand might be made from me." 

يَمْحُو اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ ۖ وَعِنْدَهُ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ {13:39}

[Q13:39] Yamhul laahu maa yashaaa'u wa yusbitu wa 'indahooo ummul Kitaab. 
[Q13:39] ALLAH (SWT) makes to pass away and establishes what He pleases, and with Him is the basis of the Book.

[Q13:39] ALLAH (SwT) menghapuskan apa jua yang dikehendakiNya dan Dia juga menetapkan apa jua yang dikehendakinya dan (ingatlah) pada sisiNya ada "Ibu segala suratan". 

See commentary of al Baqarah 2:2 and Ali Imran 3:7.

Ummul kitab is the preserved tablet, the original of all divine decrees.

v  Ali ibne Abi Talib said:

"If the forces of evil had exterminated the Qur’an, not leaving a single verse, I would have even then related every event that would happen till the day of judgement."

OUR VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE IS SIMILAR TO THE TWO RECORDS OF THE CREATION-PARTIAL AND COMPLETE.

**The ‘partial view’ is the subject of empirical investigation, liable to change.

**The ‘complete view’ is the subject of spiritual investigation, unimpeachable and final.

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(13:39) Allah abrogates whatever He pleases and keeps intact whatever He wills and He has the Original Book *58 with Him.

*58 This is the answer to another objection raised against the Revelation of the Qur'an. The disbelievers said, "What was the need of this new Book, when there already existed the former revealed Books? You say that this need has arisen because the former Books have been tampered with; therefore Allah has abrogated them and commanded that this new Book should be followed. This position you have taken is wrong for how can any one tamper with the Book of Allah and how is it possible that any Book of Allah might be tampered with? Why did not Allah protect these Books from such things as these? You say that this Book has been revealed by the same Allah Who revealed the Torah and the Gospel. How is it then that your way is different from that of the Torah? You consider certain things lawful while they are unlawful according to the Torah, etc. etc." Detailed answers to these objections have been given in other Surahs but here only a brief and comprehensive answer has been given to them.
The Arabic word (Umm-ul-Kitab) literally means "the Mother Book", that is, the Original Book which is the Source and Origin of alI the revealed Books.

وَإِنْ مَا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعْضَ الَّذِي نَعِدُهُمْ أَوْ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَاغُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْحِسَابُ {13:40}

[Q13:40] Wa im maa nurriyannaka ba'dal lazee na'iduhum aw nata waffayannaka fa innamaa 'alaikal balaaghu wa 'alainal hisaab. 
[Q13:40] And We will either let you see part of what We threaten them with or cause you to die, for only the delivery of the message is (incumbent) on you, while calling (them) to account is Our (business).

[Q13:40] Samada Kami perlihatkan kepadamu (wahai Muhammad) sebahagian dari azab yang Kami janjikan untuk mereka (yang ingkar) atau kami wafatkanmu sebelum melihatnya maka tidaklah menjadi hal kerana tanggunganmu hanyalah menyampaikan hukum-hukum yang kami turunkan kepadamu dan urusan Kami menghitung dan membalas amal mereka.  

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(13:40) And O Prophet! Rest assured that We will carry out the threat We are holding out to them whether a part of it should happen during your lifetime or We should cause you to die before its fulfilment. Anyhow your duty is only to convey the Message and it is for Us to do the reckoning. *59

*59 This is to console the Holy Prophet, as if to say, "O Prophet, you need not concern yourself as to the end of these disbelievers who have rejected the Truth. You should go on performing with peace of mind the Mission that has been entrusted to you and leave it to Us to give them suitable punishment." Though this has been addressed to the Holy Prophet, it is obvious that it is really meant to warn the opponents of the Truth, who were demanding definitely from the Holy Prophet by way of a challenge to bring about the scourge about which threats were being held out to them. 

أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا نَأْتِي الْأَرْضَ نَنْقُصُهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِهَا ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ ۚ وَهُوَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ {13:41}

[Q13:41] Awalam yaraw annaa naatil arda nanqusuhaa min atraafihaa; wallaahu yahkumu laa mu'aqqiba lihukmih; wa Huwa saree'ul hisaab. 
[Q13:41] Do they not see that We are bringing destruction upon the land by curtailing it of its sides? And ALLAH (SWT) pronounces a doom-- there is no repeller of His decree, and He is swift to take account.

[Q13:41] Mengapa mereka yang kafir itu masih berdegil dan tidak mahu memerhatikan bahawa kekuasaan kami sentiasa menakluk bumi (yang mereka diami) dengan menjadikan ia kurang sedikit demi sedikit dari kebaikannya dan kemuliaannya? Dan (ingatlah) ALLAH (SwT) menghukum menurut apa yang dikehendakiNya; tiada sesiapapun yang dapat menghalang hukumNya dan Dialah juga yang Amat Cepat hitungan hisabNya. 

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(13:41) Do these people not see how We are advancing in the land and shrinking its boundaries (for them) on all sides? *60 Allah rules and there is none to revise His decrees and He is swift at His reckoning.

*60 " ......We are advancing in the land ...........": this is a very subtle way of warning the opponents of the Truth: "The fact that Our Message is spreading fast in Arabia does, in fact, mean that We Ourselves are advancing very fast in the country against you for We are with those who are carrying Our Message."
"...........We are shrinking its boundaries for them...........": "We are causing the influence of Islam to spread fast in the land and are thus reducing the boundaries of the influence of its opponents. Are not these things the portents of their coming disaster?" 

وَقَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَلِلَّهِ الْمَكْرُ جَمِيعًا ۖ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَكْسِبُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ۗ وَسَيَعْلَمُ الْكُفَّارُ لِمَنْ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ {13:42}

[Q13:42] Wa qad makaral lazeena min qablihim falillaahil makru jamee'aa; ya'lamu maa taksibu kullu nafs; wa sa ya'lamul kuffaaru liman 'uqbad daar. 
[Q13:42] And those before them did indeed make plans, but all planning is ALLAH (SWT)'s; He knows what every soul earns, and the unbelievers shall come to know for whom is the (better) issue of the abode.

[Q13:42] Dan sesungguhnya orang-orang kafir yang sebelum mereka telah melancarkan rancangan jahat (terhadap Nabi-nabi mereka): Oleh itu, (janganlah engkau bimbang kerana) bagi ALLAH (SwT) jualah kuasa menggagalkan segala jenis rancangan jahat. Dia mengetahui apa yang diusahakan oleh tiap-tiap diri dan orang-orang yang kafir akan mengetahui bagi siapakah balasan (yang baik dan yang buruk) pada hari akhirat kelak.

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(13:42) Indeed those who went before them also devised schemes, *61 but the decisive plan is wholly in the hand of Allah. He knows what every soul earns and the disbelievers will soon come to know who will have a good end.

*61 That is, "These people, who are now devising schemes to defeat the Message of the Truth, do not take a lesson from the sad end of the people who devised similar schemes before them to suppress the voice of the Truth by falsehood, fraud and persecution." 

وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَسْتَ مُرْسَلًا ۚ قُلْ كَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْكِتَابِ {13:43}

[Q13:43] Wa yaqoolul lazeena kafaroo lasta mursalaa; qul kafaa billaahi shaheedam bainee wa bainakum wa man 'indahoo 'ilmul Kitaab. 
[Q13:43] And those who disbelieve say: You are not a messenger. Say: ALLAH (SWT) is sufficient as a witness between me and you and whoever has knowledge of the Book.

[Q13:43] Dan orang-orang yang kafir itu berkata: Engkau bukanlah seorang Rasul dari ALLAH (SwT). Katakanlah (kepada mereka): Cukuplah ALLAH (SwT) menjadi saksi antaraku dengan kamu dan juga disaksikan oleh orang-orang yang ada ilmu pengetahuan mengenai Kitab ALLAH (SwT). 

See commentary of al Baqarah 2:2 for "the book", and Hud 11:17 for "he who has the knowledge of the book."

SUMMING UP

Surah ar Rad deals with the sovereignty, power, authority and wisdom of ALLAH (SWT). [1] HE IS THE CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE AND ALL THAT WHICH IS IN IT, [2] THE LAWS WHICH GOVERN AND OPERATE IT, AND [3] THE LAWS WHICH (MUST) GOVERN AND OPERATE THE HUMAN LIFE, INDIVIDUALLY AS WELL AS COLLECTIVELY. The disbelievers, instead of deriving advantage from the respite, are hastening unto the ultimate and eternal loss and deprivation (punishment) by refusing to believe in the day of judgement.

TO EVERY NATION ONE OR MORE MESSENGERS OF ALLAH (SWT) CAME AS WARNERS, AND AFTER THE LAST MESSENGER OF ALLAH (SWT), THERE IS A DIVINELY APPOINTED GUIDE IN EVERY AGE TO ADMINISTER THE AFFAIRS OF THE HUMAN SOCIETY, AS A TRUE SUCCESSOR OF THE PROPHET.

1.        ALLAH (SWT) knows the seen and the unseen. Nothing is hidden from Him.

2.        Angles are deputed to take care of and keep watch over every human being.

3.        Bounties and favours, bestowed on any individual, are not withdrawn unless there are valid reasons.

4.        Everything obeys ALLAH (SWT)'s commands, praises Him and glorifies Him.

5.        The blind disbelievers and the knowing believers are not equal.

6.        Those who establish [a] salat, [b] spend in the way of ALLAH (SWT) and [c] exercise self-control earn ALLAH (SWT)'s pleasure.

7.        Those who do not fulfil the covenants made with ALLAH (SWT) through His prophet are hypocrites, condemned for ever.

8.        ALLAH (SWT) is the rabbul alamin – (the sustainer and cherisher of all that which has been created by Him.)

INSTEAD OF RECEIVING GUIDANCE FROM THE (EVENTS OF) HISTORY WHICH HAS RECORDED THE FACT THAT PEOPLE OF YORE WITNESSED THE SIGNS OR MIRACLES OF ALLAH (SWT) YET DID NOT BELIEVE AND WERE DESTROYED, THE PEOPLE IN THE TIMES OF THE HOLY PROPHET (ALLAHUMA SALI ALA MUHAMMAD WA ALA ALI MUHAMMAD), LIKE THEIR ANCESTORS, AGAIN WANT TO REPEAT HISTORY, BUT MIRACLES ARE NOT DEMONSTRATED TO PROVIDE ENJOYMENT TO THE DISBELIEVERS.

ALLAH (SWT)'s plan is His will which takes immediate effect. The preserved tablet or the mother book contains the will of ALLAH (SWT) -His decrees.

The messengers of ALLAH (SWT) lived among the people as human beings, subject to the laws made by ALLAH (SWT).

ß  Imam Ali ibne Abi Talib is "he who has the knowledge of the book", AND IS THEREFORE, along with ALLAH (SWT), a witness of the prophethood of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad). 

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(13:43) These disbelievers say, `You are not a Messenger of Allah." Say, "Allah suffices for a witness between me and you, and every such person who has the knowledge of the Book." *62

*62 That is "Everyone who has the knowledge of the Divinely revealed Books will bear witness to the fact that my teachings are the same that were imparted by the former prophets. "

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