SURAH (98) AL-BAYYINAH (AYA 1 to 8)

Sura (98) AL-BAYYINAH (The Clear Evidence) Aya 1 to 8 verse in 1 Section

Revealed at Makka

SECTION 1

Qur’an the Clear Evidence

Qur’an is a clear evidence distinguishing Truth from falsehood---Qur’an contains the Pure and the Essential Words of ALLAH (SWT).

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ 

لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنْفَكِّينَ حَتَّىٰ تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ {98:1}

[Q98:1] Lam ya kunil lazeena kafaru min ahlil kitaabi wal mushri keena mun fak keena hattaa ta-tiya humul bayyinah,
[Q98:1] Those who disbelieve from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and among Al-Mushrikun, were not going to leave (their disbelief) until there came to them clear evidence.

‘Munfakkeen’, i.e., separate, i.e., separate from falsehood. The people of the book referred to are the Jews and the Christians who were freed from their false beliefs when the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf), whose advent was clearly foretold in the Tawrat and the Injil, brought the final book of ALLAH (SWT), the Qur’an, in this world.

§   “The Lord thy ALLAH (SWT) will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto thee; unto him ye shall hearken;

§   “I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.” (Deut. 18:15 and 18)

See commentary of Baqarah 2:40, 89 and 253 for the promised prophet in the Old and New Testaments. The people of the book strayed from the true teachings of Musa and Isa and followed devious ways and false notions. The polytheists and the pagans did not believe in any scripture.

WHEN THE HOLY PROPHET (PBUH & HF) CAME WITH CLEAR EVIDENCE (HIS LIFE, HIS CHARACTER AND HIS TEACHINGS) TO THEM, ALL OF THEM HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO BELIEVE IN ALLAH (SWT) AND FOLLOW HIS RELIGION, ISLAM.

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(98:1) Those who disbelieved *1 – be they from the People of the Book or from those who associated *2 others with Allah in His Divinity – will not desist from unbelief until the Clear Proof should come to them; *3

*1 Here the word kufr (unbelief) has been used in its widest sense, which includes different forms of the unbelieving attitude. For example, some were unbelievers in the sense that they did not acknowledge Allah at all: some did acknowledge Allah but did not regard Him as the One and only God, but worshipped others as well, thinking they were associates in Divine Being or Divine attributes and powers in one way or the other; some acknowledged oneness of God but committed some kind of shirk as well; some acknowledged God but did not acknowledge His Prophets and the guidance brought by them; some acknowledged one particular Prophet and did not acknowledge another; 'others rejected the Hereafter. In short, there were different kinds of kufr in which the people were involved. And the statement: "the disbelievers from among the people of the Book and the mushriks . . . ",does not mean that some of them were not involved in kufr, but that those who were involved in kufr were of two kinds: the followers of the Book and the mushriks. Here, min has not been used for division but for explanation, as, . for example, in Surah Al-Hajj: 30, where it has been said Fajtanib-ur rijsa min al-authan which means: "therefore, guard yourselves against the filth of idols'-, and not: "guard yourselves against the filth which is in the idols." Likewise, alladhina kafaru min ahl-il-Kitabi wal-mushrikin.means: "the, disbelievers from among the followers of the .Book and the mushriks ... ", and not: "those who have disbelieved from these two groups.
*2 Despite the common factor of kufr between them the two groups have been mentioned by separate names. The followers of the Book imply the people who possessed any of the revealed Books, even if in corrupted form, sent to the former Prophets, and they believed in it. And the mushriks (idolaters) imply the people who did not follow any Prophet nor believed in any Book. Although in the Qur'an the shirk, (polytheism, idolatry) of the people of the Book has been mentioned at many places, e.g. about the Christians it has been said: "They say: God is one of the three" (Al-Ma'idah: 73); "The Messiah is son of God" (AtTaubah: 30); "The Messiah; son of Mary; is God" (Al-Ma'idah: 17); and about the Jews it has been said: "They say: Ezra is son of God" (At-Taubah: 30), yet nowhere in the Qur'an has the term "mushrlk"been used for them, but they have been mentioned as "alladhina ul-ul-Kitaba" (those who were given the Book), or by the words Jews and Christians. For they believed in the principle of Tauhid (Oneness of God) as the religion, and then committed shirk. Contrary to this, for others than the followers of the Book, the word mushrik has been used as a. term, for they acknowledged shirk (idolatry) as true religion and disacknowledged Tauhid. This distinction between the two groups holds good not only in the use of the term but also in the Shari`ah injunctions. Animal flesh duly slaughtered by the followers of the Book has been declared lawful for the Muslims if they slaughter a lawful animal in the name of Allah in the prescribed way, and permission to marry their women also has been given. On the contrary, neither the animal slaughtered by the mushriks is lawful for the Muslims nor is marriage with their women.
*3 That is, "There was no means of their being freed from this state of unbelief except that a clear evidence (of the truth) should come and make them understand the falsity of every form of kufr and its being untrue, and should present the right way before them in a clear and rational way." This dces not mean that after the coming of the char evidence they would give up kufr but that in the absence of the clear evidence it was not at all possible that they would be delivered from that state. However, if even after its coming some of them still persisted in their kufr, then they themselves would be responsible for it; they could not complain that Allah had made no arrangement for their guidance. This same thing bas been expressed in the Qur'an at different places in different ways, e.g. in Surah An-Nahl: 9, it is said: "Allah has taken upon Himself to show the Right Way"; in Surah Al-Laila 12, it is said: "It is for Us to show the Way"; in Surah An-Nisa: 163-165: "O! Prophet, We have sent Revelation to you just as We had sent it to Noah and other Prophets after him ... All these Messengers were sent as bearers of good news and warners so that, after their coming, the people should have no excuse left to plead before Allah"; and in Surah Al-Ma'idah: 19: "O people of the Book, this Messenger of Ours has come to you and is making clear to you the teachings of the Right Way after a long interval during which there had come no Messengers, lest you should say: `No bearer of good news nor warner came to us. Lo, now the bearer of good news and warner has come." 

رَسُولٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ يَتْلُو صُحُفًا مُطَهَّرَةً {98:2}

[Q98:2] Rasoolum minaL Laahi yatloo suhufam mutahharah, 
[Q98:2] A Messenger (Muhammad (pbuh & hp)) from Allah, reciting (the Qur'an) purified pages [purified from Al-Batil (falsehood, etc.)].

THE HOLY PROPHET (PBUH & HF) WAS SENT TO MANKIND WITH THE PURE AND HOLY WORD OF ALLAH (SWT). Refer to the commentary of Baqarah 2:51; Ha Mim: 41, 42; Waqi-ah: 77 to 80. THE QUR’AN IS AN INVIOLATE BOOK. IT IS A REVELATION FROM THE ALL-WISE LORD. FALSEHOOD CANNOT ENTER IT FROM ANY SIDE.

Ø  ‘Sahof’ plural of ‘Safh’ literally mean pages---BUT Qur’an used this term for the collection of the divine revelation. (See verses 20:133; 80:13-14; 53:36-37 and 87:18-19.) and

Ø  The term ‘Mushaf’ was used for the complete collection of the Holy Qur’an.

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(98:2) a Messenger *4 from Allah, reciting from Purified Scrolls; *5

*4 Here, the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) himself has been called "the clear evidence", for his life before and after Prophethood, his presenting a Book like the Qur'an in spite of being un-lettered, his bringing about an extraordinary revolution in the lives of the converts to Islam through education and training, his educating the people in rational beliefs, clean and pure forms of worship, excellent morals and the best principles and ,injunctions for human life, perfect harmony and agreement between his word and deed, and his constancy of purpose in respect of his message in spite of every kind of resistance and opposition, all these were clear signs of the truth that he was Allah's Messenger. 
*5 Lexically, suhuf means "written pages", but in the Holy Qur'an this word has been used as a term for the Books revealed to the Prophets of Allah (peace be upon them); and by the holy scriptures are meant the scriptures which are free from every mixture of falsehood, every kind of error and moral filth. The full import of these worde becomes evident when one studies the Bible (and the books of other religions as well) vis-a-vis the Holy Qur'an, and finds written in them along with sound teachings such things as are not only opposed to truth and reason but are also morally contemptible. After reading them when one turns to the Qur'an, one realizes how pure and hallowed this Book is. 

 فِيهَا كُتُبٌ قَيِّمَةٌ {98:3}

[Q98:3] Feeha kutubun qayyimah. 
[Q98:3] Containing correct and straight laws from Allah.

Ü  Qayyimmah means straight, definite, permanent as opposed to crooked and transitory. See Bara-at 9:36 and Yusuf 12:40.

THROUGH THE QUR’AN ALLAH (SWT) HAS REVEALED THE SUPREME LAW TO BE FOLLOWED BY MANKIND FOREVER. It confirms the law given to the prophets of ALLAH (SWT) from Adam to Musa and Isa; AND WITH decisive additions and amendments serves the purpose of regulating the individual and collective behaviours of man in all times till the Day of Judgment.

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(98:3) in writings wherein are scriptures, absolutely true and unerring.

وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ {98:4}

[Q98:4] Wa maa tafarraqal lazeena ootul kitaaba il-la mim b'adi ma jaa-at humul baiyyinah. 
[Q98:4] And the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) differed not until after there came to them clear evidence. (i.e. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh & hp) and whatever was revealed to him).

Refer to the commentary of Ali Imran 3:19 and Nisa 4:163 to 165. The people of the book were in a better position than the pagans to recognise the truth of Islam, because they had been prepared for the standard and eternal religion of ALLAH (SWT) by the revelations sent down on their prophets;

ä  BUT, when the clear evidence came in the person and message of the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf), they resisted it and belied it.

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(98:4) Nor did those to whom the Book had been given split up until after the Proof (of the Right Way) had come to them. *6

*6 That is, the reason why the people of the Book before this were divided into countless sects because of different kinds of errors and deviation, was not that Allah had failed to send "a clear evidence" from Himself for their guidance, but the fact that they adopted the wrong way after guidance had come from Allah; therefore, they themselves were responsible for their deviation, for Allah had fulfilled His obligation towards them. Likewise, since their scriptures are no longer pure and their books no longer consist of original and correct teachings, Allah by sending a Messenger of His, as a clear evidence, with a hallowed Book, containing sound and pure teachings, has again fulfilled His obligation towards them, so that if even after that they remained divided, they themselves should be responsible for it and should have no excuse left to plead before Allah. This thing has been stated at many places in the Qur'an, e.g. see AI-Baqarah: 213, 253; AI-`Imran: 19: Al-Ma'idah: 44-50; Yunus: 93; Ash-Shura: 13-I5; Al-Jathiyah: 16-18, along with the corresponding notes for fuller understanding. 

وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ دِينُ الْقَيِّمَةِ {98:5}

[Q98:5] Wa maa umiroo il-la liy'abu duL Laaha mukhliseena lahud-deena huna faa-a wa yuqeemus salaahta wa yu-tuz zakaata; wa zaalika deenul qaiyimah. 
[Q98:5] And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allah, and worship none but Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him), and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat) and give Zakat: and that is the right religion.

The Jews and the Christians were commanded through their scriptures were ordained only to worship the Only ALLAH (SWT) exclusively to have their faith only in Him and none else---as ‘Hanifs’, i.e., as those devoted exclusively, to none but the One ALLAH (SWT) (ALLAH (SWT)). For ‘Hanifs—see verse 2:135.

Ü  Verse 16:36 of Nahl says: "Worship ALLAH (SwT), and keep away from all other (false) idols". So man has been ordered to worship ALLAH (SWT) alone.

Ü  It may also be interpreted that the purpose of command is to enable man to obey as well as to test his readiness and willingness to obey as stated in verse 2:143 of Baqarah in connection with the change of Qiblah.

Ì  IN CARRYING OUT THE DIVINE ORDERS, NIYYAT (MOTIVE) IS VERY IMPORTANT.

SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH (SWT) AND SERVICE TO MANKIND is dinul qayyimmah (the right religion). See also verse 25:30-33.

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(98:5) Yet all that they had been commanded was that they serve Allah, with utter sincerity, devoting themselves exclusively to Him, and that they establish Prayer and pay Zakah. That is the Right Faith. *7

*7 That is, the message of the same religion, which now the Prophet Muhammad (upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings) is preaching, had been given to the people of the Book by the Prophets who came to them and by the Books which were sent among them; they had not ban enjoined any of the false belief aad wicked deeds which they adopted afterwards and created different sects. Right and correct religion has always been the same: that Allah alone should be served and worshipped exclusively, none else be joined with Him in worship, man should become worshipper of One Allah alone and obedient to His Command only, should establish the salat and pay the zakat. (For further explanation, see E. N. 19 of Al-A`raf; E.N.'s: 108,109 of Yunus, E.N.'s 43 to 47 of Ar-Rum; E.N.'s 3, 4 of Az-Zumar) . Some commentators have taken the words din al-qayyimah in this verse in the meaning of din al-millat al-qayyimah: "Religion of the righteous community". Some others have taken qayyimah 'in the superlative sense and understood it in the same meaning as we have adopted in our translation.

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمْ شَرُّ الْبَرِيَّةِ {98:6}

[Q98:6] Innal lazeena kafaru min ahlil kitaabi wal mushri keena fee nari jahan nama khaali deena feeha; ulaa-ika hum shar rul ba reeyah. 
[Q98:6] Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh & hp)) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are the worst of creatures.

TO REJECT TRUTH AND BELIE THE TRUTHFUL IS THE WORST SIN A CREATURE ENDOWED WITH THE ABILITY TO DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN RIGHT AND WRONG AND TO USE HIS FREE WILL, CAN COMMIT. Therefore it will necessarily bring its own punishment, because such a person is the worst of creatures.

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(98:6) Those who disbelieved *8 – be they from among the People of the Book or among those who associated others with Allah in His Divinity– shall be in the Fire, and will abide in it. They are the worst of creatures. *9

*8 "Disbelieved": refused to acknowledge the Prophet Muhammad (upon whom be Allah's peace) as Allah's Messenger. The meaning is that the end of those from among the mushriks and the followers of the Book, who have not acknowledged the Messenger whose emergence by itself is a clear evidence, and who is reciting to them hallowed pages containing sound and correct teachings, will be as is being described below. 
*9 That is, they are worse than all creatures of God, even than animals, for the animals do not possess reason and power, but these people reject the Truth in spite of having reason and authority. 

 إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمْ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ {98:7}

[Q98:7] Innal lazeena aamanu wa 'amilus saalihaati ula-ika hum khairul bareey yah. 
[Q98:7] Verily, those who believe [in the Oneness of Allah, and in His Messenger Muhammad (pbuh & hp)) including all obligations ordered by Islam] and do righteous good deeds, they are the best of creatures.

Hafiz Abu Nu-aym, in Hilyatul Awliya, reports on the authority of Ibn Abbas that when verse 7 was revealed the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf) said: "O Ali, you and your followers will be in paradise."

ì  Ibn Asakir narrates from Abu Sa-id Khudri that khayrul bariyyah refers to Ali ibne Abi Talib.

µ  Haskani narrates from "Maqatul Ibn Sulayman", one of the earliest commentators of the Qur’an that Ibn Abbas said: "Khayrul bariyyah was revealed for Ali and his family."

µ  Haskani; in Shawahidut Tanzil, narrates that the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf) said: "O Ali, khayrrul bariyyah is your shi-ah (follower). I will meet your shi-ahs on the cistern of kawthar when all the people will be gathered together for the final reckoning. Your followers will be called ghurral mahajjalin."

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(98:7) But those that believe and work righteous deeds, they are the best of creatures. *10

*10 That is, they are superior to all creatures of God, even to the angels, for the angels do not have the power to disobey, and these people adopt Allah's obedience in spite of having the power to disobey Him. 

 جَزَاؤُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۖ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ رَبَّهُ {98:8}

[Q98:8] Jazaa-uhum inda rabbihim jan naatu 'adnin tajree min tahtihal an haaru khalideena feeha abada; radiy-yaLLaahu 'anhum wa ra du 'an zaalika liman khashiya rabbah.
[Q98:8] Their reward with their Lord is 'Adn (Eden) Paradise (Gardens of Eternity), underneath which rivers flow, they will abide therein forever, Allah Well-Pleased with them, and they with Him. That is for him who fears his Lord.

The great quality mentioned to be of those [*] who would be pleased with ALLAH (SWT) and [*] ALLAH (SWT) being pleased with them, [1] could be found only in those who would have led the life of perfect faith in ALLAH (SWT) and [2] complete submission to His will AND THERE could be no other than the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf) whose purity ALLAH (SWT) Himself had effected in verse 33:33 AND whose faith and righteousness even the enemy would bear testimony to---under any case there can never be those who doubted in the apostleship of the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf) and who deserted him in times of danger to the very life of the Holy Prophet (pbuh & hf)  and the existence of Islam in the world.

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(98:8) Their recompense lies with their Lord: Gardens of eternity beneath which rivers flow; therein they shall dwell, forever and ever. Allah is well-pleased with them, and they are well-pleased with Him. All this is for him who fears his Lord. *11

*11 In other words, the person who did not live in the world fearless and independent of God, but feared Him at every step lest.he should do something which might entail His wrath and punishment, will have this reward resolved for him with Allah.

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