SURAH (9) AT-TAWBAH (AYA 11 to 30)

فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ ۗ وَنُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ {9:11}

[Q9:11] Fa in taaboo wa aqaamus Salaata wa aatawuz Zakaata fa ikhwaanukum fid deen; wa nufassilul Aayaati liqawminy ya'lamoon.
[Q9:11] But if they repent and keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate, they are your brethren in faith; and We make the communications clear for a people who know.

[Q9:11] Oleh itu, jika mereka bertaubat (dari kekufuran) dan mendirikan sembahyang serta memberi zakat, maka mereka itu adalah saudara kamu yang seagama dan Kami menjelaskan ayat-ayat keterangan Kami satu persatu bagi kaum yang mahu mengetahui. 

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(9:11) yet if they repent even now, and establish Salat and pay Zakat dues, then they shall be your brethren in faith. Thus We make plain Our Messages to those who try to understand. *14

*14 Here, too, it has explicitly been stated that those who repent will not become your brethren in faith without the observance of Salat and Zakat. 
"Yet if ........they shall be your brethren in faith": This means that "if they fulfil those conditions, then not only shall their lives and properties become unlawful for you but also they shall enjoy equal rights with you in the Islamic Community. There shall be no distinction between them and the other Muslims in regard to social, cultural, legal and political rights, and nothing will stand in their way to the progress for which they are otherwise qualified.
14a. "........you should fight with them.....":perhaps the fear of war may force them to desist from breaking oaths and reviling Islam. 

وَإِنْ نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ ۙ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَانَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنْتَهُونَ {9:12}

[Q9:12] Wa in nakasooo aimaanahum mim ba'di 'ahdihim wa ta'anoo fee deenikum faqaatilooo a'immatal kufri innahum laaa aimaana lahum la'allahum yantahoon. 
[Q9:12] And if they break their oaths after their agreement and (openly) revile your religion, then fight the leaders of unbelief-- surely their oaths are nothing-- so that they may desist.

[Q9:12] Dan jika mereka mencabuli sumpahnya sesudah mengikat perjanjian setia dan mereka pula mencela agama kamu, maka perangilah ketua-ketua dan pemimpin-pemimpin kaum yang kafir itu, kerana sesungguhnya mereka tidak menghormati sumpah janjinya, supaya mereka berhenti (dari kekufuran dan bertaubat).

The idolaters not only broke their pledge after giving their word BUT also reviled ALLAH (SWT)'s religion. Against such specimens of faithlessness (leaders of infidelity) fighting has been enjoined.

v  According to the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad), a-immatal kufr (leaders of infidelity) are also those who opposed and fought against the divinely commissioned Imams of the Ahlul Bayt.

v  The Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) said:

"O Ali you will fight against three types of apostates- [1] nakithin (oath-breakers)—the violators of the ‘Baith’ i.e. the allegiance to the HOLY PROPHET, i.e., those who caused the Battle of Jamal, [2] qasitin (wrongdoers)—the transgressors i.e., those who effected the Battle of Siffeen, and [3] marigin (strayed ones)—i.e., the Khawarij or those who got out of the faith and cause the Battle of Naharwan."

Ali ibne Abi Talib had recited this verse at the battle of Jamal and quoted the above noted prophecy of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad).

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(9:12) But if they break their oaths after making compacts and revile your Faith you should fight with these ringleaders of disbelief because their oaths are not trustworthy: it may be that sword alone will restrain *14a them. *15

*15 In the context,the words, oaths and compacts mean the compact of the acceptance of Islam. Therefore, the question of making a new compact with them does not arise. As regards the old pacts, they had already broken all of them. It is on account of this that the declaration of immunity (from obligations) by Allah and His Messenger has been clearly made. It has also been stated that such people are not worthy of any treaty and they can only be let off if they repent of their disbelief and shirk and establish Salat and pay Zakat dues. This verse states clearly how the renegades should be treated. As a matter of fact, this verse forestalled the mischief of apostasy that broke out a year and a half after its revelation and Hadrat Abu Bakr followed the guidance given in this verse to crush it. (For further explanation, see my book entitled Murtad ki Saza Islami Qanun men). 

أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَكَثُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُمْ بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَوْهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ {9:13}

[Q9:13] Alaa tuqaatiloona qawman nakasooo aimaanahum wa hammoo bi ikhraajir Rasooli wa hum bada'ookum awwala marrah; atakhshawnahum; fallaahu ahaqqu an takhshawhu in kuntum mu'mineen. 
[Q9:13] What! Will you not fight a people who broke their oaths and aimed at the expulsion of the Messenger, and they attacked you first; do you fear them? But ALLAH (SWT) is most deserving that you should fear Him, if you are believers.

[Q9:13] Mengapa kamu tidak memerangi suatu kaum yang telah mencabuli sumpah janjinya, dan mereka pula telah berazam hendak mengusir Rasulullah dan merekalah juga yang mula-mula memerangi kamu? Tidak patut kamu takut kepada mereka (sehingga kamu tidak mahu memeranginya) kerana ALLAH (SwT) jualah yang berhak kamu takuti (melanggar perintahNya), jika betul kamu orang-orang yang beriman?

In view of the shameless disregard of treaties by the enemy, their underhand plots to discredit the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) and turn him out of Madina as he had been turned out of Makka, the believers have been asked to fight against the evil of polytheism AND PROVE THEIR SINCERE FAITH BY TEST AND TRIAL, STRUGGLE AND SACRIFICE. ALLAH (SWT) shall punish them by the hands of those believers who have striven hard in the cause of ALLAH (SWT) AND have not allied themselves ever with any one save ALLAH (SWT) and His Prophet.

Ø  It was Ali who worked wonders as yadullah (the hand of ALLAH (SWT)) in all the battles fought by the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad). See commentary of al Ma-idah 5:54. When evil was destroyed (through Ali), many of those who were enticed by evil came into the fold of truth and righteousness -"ALLAH (SWT) turns (in mercy) to whom He pleases."

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(9:13) Will you not fight *16 such people who have been breaking their solemn pledges, who conspired to banish the Messenger and were the first to transgress against you? Are you afraid of them? If you are true Believers, surely Allah has a greater right that you should fear Him.

*16 In this passage the addressees are the Muslims. They have been urged to fight perseveringly in the Way of Allah, without paying the least heed to their ties of blood and relationship and to their worldly interests. In order to understand fully the spirit of this passage, the reader should keep in view the state of affairs at the time, when the abrogation of the treaties was declared. Though Islam was reigning supreme in the greater part of Arabia and there was no greater power to challenge its supremacy, still superficial observers saw a number of dangers in the extreme step which was being taken at that time. 
First, it was feared that the abrogating of the treaties with all the mushrik clans at one and the same time, and debarring them from Haj and changing the guardianship of the Ka`abah and abolishing alI the rituals of `ignorance', would so incite the mushriks and the hypocrites and enkindle such fire of enmity that they would be ready to shed the last drop of their blood for safeguarding their interests and prejudices. 
Secondly, it was feared that the mushriks would be greatly enraged by this declaration which granted freedom of movement to the Muslims to perform Haj, whereas it forbade the non-Muslims. Obviously this would also affect adversely their economic condition, for Haj played a very important part in the economic life of Arabia during that period of her history. 
Lastly, it was feared that this would put to a hard trial those people who had embraced Islam recently after the Peace Treaty of Hudaibiyah and the Conquest of Makka. For many of their kith and kin were still mushriks, some of whom had their interests closely bound up with those offices of `ignorance' which were abolished. Now it was obvious that the total war against the mushriks demanded that these new Muslims should not only kill their own near and dear ones but should also themselves abolish those ancient offices and distinctions which they had enjoyed for centuries.
Though it is true that none of these dangers took any practical shape, there were good reasons for these apprehensions, for none could foresee the trends of events at the time of the abrogation of the treaties. And the dangers were averted because these Commandments had prepared them beforehand to meet them. More than that: this preparedness produced other good results. The delegates from the remnants of the mushriks, their chiefs and rulers began to visit Al-Madinah and take the oath of allegiance to Islam and obedience to the Holy prophet, who let them retain their old positions and offices. These things proved that if the Muslims had not been in a state of readiness to take immediate action for enforcing the terms of the "Declaration" with the sword, the events which followed might have taken a different direction. Therefore it was the need of the hour that the Muslims should have been vehemently urged for Jihad, and their apprehensions removed. That is why it was being enjoined that they should not let anything hinder them from doing the Will of Allah. And this is the theme of this discourse. 

قَاتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ {9:14}

[Q9:14] Qaatiloohum yu'az zibhumul laahu bi aideekum wa yukhzihim wa yansurkum 'alaihim wa yashfi sudoora qawmim mu'mineen. 
[Q9:14] Fight them, ALLAH (SWT) will punish them by your hands and bring them to disgrace, and assist you against them and heal the hearts of a believing people.

[Q9:14] Perangilah mereka, nescaya ALLAH (SwT) akan menyeksa mereka dengan (perantaraan) tangan kamu dan ALLAH (SwT) akan menghinakan mereka serta menolong kamu menewaskan mereka dan Dia akan memuaskan hati orang-orang yang beriman.  

(see commentary for verse 13)

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(9:14) Fight them. Allah will chastise them by your hands and will bring disgrace and degradation upon them and succour you against them and soothe the hearts of many believers.

وَيُذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَيَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ {9:15}

[Q9:15] Wa yuzhib ghaiza quloobihim; wa yatoobullaahu 'alaa mai yashaaa'; wallaahu 'Aleemun Hakeem. 
[Q9:15] And remove the rage of their hearts; and ALLAH (SWT) turns (mercifully) to whom He pleases, and ALLAH (SWT) is Knowing, Wise.

[Q9:15] Dan Dia juga akan menghapuskan kemarahan hati orang-orang yang beriman itu dan ALLAH (SwT) akan menerima taubat orang-orang yang dikehendakiNya dan (ingatlah) ALLAH (SwT) Maha Mengetahui, lagi Maha Bijaksana. 

(see commentary for verse 13)

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(9:15) And He may remove the wrath of their hearts; and may also show guidance towards repentance *17 to whomsoever He wills; Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

*17 This was a subtle reference to the possibility of what actually was going to happen afterwards. "And He may remove ......... repentance": this was to remove the misunderstandings of the Muslims who apprehended a bloody war as a result of the Declaration. They were told that it was also possible that some of the enemies might repent and embrace Islam. This was not made quite plain lest it should slacken the war preparations of the Muslims on one side and weaken the force of the warning to the mushriks on the other. The latter thing might have hindered the mushriks from giving a serious thought to the critical position they were in that finally led them to embrace Islam. 

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تُتْرَكُوا وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلَا رَسُولِهِ وَلَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلِيجَةً ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ {9:16}

[Q9:16] Am hasibtum an turakoo wa lammaa ya'lamil laahul lazeena jaahadoo minkum wa lam yattakhizoo min doonil laahi wa laa Rasoolihee wa lalmu'mineena waleejah; wallaahu khabeerum bimaa ta'maloon. 
[Q9:16] What! Do you think that you will be left alone while ALLAH (SWT) has not yet known those of you who have struggled hard and have not taken any one as an adherent besides ALLAH (SWT) and His Messenger and the believers; and ALLAH (SWT) is aware of what you do.

[Q9:16] Adakah kamu menyangka, bahawa kamu akan dibiarkan (dalam keadaan kamu yang ada itu), padahal belum lagi terbukti kepada ALLAH (SwT) (sebagaimana yang diketahuiNya) orang-orang yang berjihad di antara kamu dan yang tidak mengambil teman-teman rapat (untuk mencurahkan rahsia kepada mereka), selain daripada ALLAH (SwT) dan RasulNya serta orang-orang yang beriman? Dan (ingatlah) ALLAH (SwT) Maha Mengetahui secara mendalam akan apa yang kamu kerjakan.  

(see commentary for verse 13)

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(9:16) Do you think that you will be left (without a trial)? Note it well that Allah has not as yet seen which of you exerted your utmost in His (Allah his wayand did not take as intimate friends any other than Allah, His Messenger and the Believers *18 Allah has full knowledge of what you do.

*18 The addressees in v. 16 were those Muslims who had recently embraced Islam. It means to tell them plainly: "Now that you have embraced Islam, you shall ave to give a genuine proof by a trial that you have accepted it ecause you believe in its Truth and not because it has become supreme in the country by the exertions of the true Believers. The trial is that you shall have to sacrifice your lives, wealths and your near and dear ones for the sake of Allah and His Way. Then and only then, you will be regarded as true Believers." 

SECTION 3

Service of the Scared Mosque and the Idolaters

Idolaters cannot serve the Scared Mosque---Service of the Scared Mosque cannot be equal to the endeavour in the way of ALLAH (SWT), to propagate the Faith---Dealings with the kith and kin who are disbelievers.

مَا كَانَ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَعْمُرُوا مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ شَاهِدِينَ عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِالْكُفْرِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَفِي النَّارِ هُمْ خَالِدُونَ {9:17}

[Q9:17] maa kaana lilmushrikeena ai ya'muroo masaajidal laahi shaahideena 'alaaa anfusihim bilkufr; ulaaa'ika habitat a'maaluhum wa fin naari hum khaalidoon. 
[Q9:17] The idolaters have no right to visit the mosques of ALLAH (SWT) while bearing witness to unbelief against themselves, these it is whose doings are null, and in the fire shall they abide.

[Q9:17] Tidaklah layak orang-orang kafir musyrik itu memakmurkan (menghidupkan) masjid-masjid ALLAH (SwT), sedang mereka menjadi saksi (mengakui) akan kekufuran diri mereka sendiri. Mereka itu ialah orang-orang yang rosak binasa amal-amalnya dan mereka pula kekal di dalam Neraka.

This verse says THAT GOOD DEEDS EARN NO PROFIT FOR A POLYTHEIST WHO OPPOSES ALLAH (SWT) AND HIS PROPHET.

After the battle of Badr Ali asked Abbas, the uncle of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad), to tell him as to how could he come to fight against his own flesh and blood? Abbas replied: "You have pointed out our evil but have not taken into consideration our virtues ---we maintained the Ka-bah, supplied water to the pilgrims, and set captives free."

Ya-muru (from amara -to inhabit or visit) as applied to a masjid implies -to keep in a good state or in repair as well as to make it function purposefully.

IT HAS BEEN MADE CLEAR THAT IT IS THE LIGHT OF SPIRITUAL TEACHINGS OF ISLAM IN THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF THE WORSHIPPERS OF ALLAH (SWT) WHICH KEEPS THE PLACE OF WORSHIP ALIVE, NOT the outward grandeur nor the frequent visits of the visitors who come to perform acts of worship as mere rituals.

¥  ISLAM TEACHES MAN TO KEEP IN MIND THE FACT THAT THE WHOLE WORLD IS LIKE A MASJID WHERE EVERY MOMENT AND EVERY ACTIVITY SHOULD BE IN THE SERVICE OF ALLAH (SWT).

THE IDEA IS TO ASSERT that up keeping of the devotional precepts of Islam to the cause of Islam more than any amount keeps the mosques or places of worship of ALLAH (SWT) really alive, and [*]not merely erecting the magnificent edifices or [*]any amount of frequent it proves beyond doubt that Islam values the sincere devotion of man to the cause of Islam more than any amount of rituals, [*]the show of any religious pomp and glory.

ON THIS BASIS, ISLAM NEVER ENCOURAGES BUILDING OF MAGNIFICENT AND GOLDEN ARCHITECTURES OF WORSHIP OR THE GILDING OF QUR’AN AND SCARED OBJECTS.

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(9:17) It does not behove the mushriks to become the guardians and servants of Allah's houses of worship, the while they themselves bear witness against themselves to their disbelief; *19 in fact, all their works have gone to waste *20 and they shall abide in the Fire for ever.

*19 This lays down the general principle for the guardianship of the places of worship that ave been built exclusively for the worship of Allah. Obviously, those people who associate thers with Allah in His essence, His rights and His powers cannot be the proper persons to be the guardians, the servants, the managers etc. of such sacred places. And when they themselves reject the invitations to Tauhid, and openly declare that they are not going to dedicate their worship and obedience exclusively o AIIah, they automatically forfeit any right they ad for the guardianship of such places of worship that had been built for the worship of Allah alone. Though the principle is of a general nature, it has been mentioned here with the particular object of removing the mushriks from the guardianship of the Ka`abah and Masjid-i-Haram and establishing permanently the guardianship of the worshippers of One God over them. 
*20 ".........all their works have gone to waste.....", including the little real service they did to the `House of Allah' because they mixed with it shirk and other practices of ignorance. Their little good was destroyed by their far greater evils. 

إِنَّمَا يَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ يَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۖ فَعَسَىٰ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ {9:18}

[Q9:18] Innamaa ya'muru masaa jidal laahi man aamana billaahi wal Yawmil Aakhiri wa aqaamas Salaata wa aataz Zakaata wa lam yakkhsa illal laaha fa'asaaa ulaaa'ika ai yakoonoo minal muhtadeen. 
[Q9:18] Only he shall visit the mosques of ALLAH (SWT) who believes in ALLAH (SWT) and the latter day, and keeps up prayer and pays the poor-rate and fears none but ALLAH (SWT); so (as for) these, it may be that they are of the followers of the right course.

[Q9:18] Hanyasanya yang layak memakmurkan (menghidupkan) masjid-masjid ALLAH (SwT) itu ialah orang-orang yang beriman kepada ALLAH (SwT) dan hari akhirat serta mendirikan sembahyang dan menunaikan zakat dan tidak takut melainkan kepada ALLAH (SwT), (dengan adanya sifat-sifat yang tersebut) maka adalah diharapkan mereka menjadi dari golongan yang mendapat petunjuk.

It is with reference to the superiority of Ahlul Bayt, the ideal believers, as compared with those who boasted about their customary privileges that these verses were revealed.

Ø  Wahidi and Suyuti and other commentators have reported that one day Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib and Talhah ibn Shaybah boasted with one another about their special privileges and honours. Talha said: "I am the keeper of the sacred Ka-bah and I have its keys in my charge." Abbas said: "I am the trustee of the sacred well of Zamzam, and the privilege of supplying water to the pilgrims belongs to me." Ali said: "I do not understand why you take pride in these things. I started saying my prayers seven years before you and I am a warrior who fights for the cause of ALLAH (SWT)." ON THAT OCCASION VERSE 19 WAS REVEALED.

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(9:18) Only those are worthy of being the guardians and servants of Allah's houses of worship, who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and establish Salatand pay Zakat dues, and fear none but Allah: for these alone are expected to follow the Right Way.

أَجَعَلْتُمْ سِقَايَةَ الْحَاجِّ وَعِمَارَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَجَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ لَا يَسْتَوُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ {9:19}

[Q9:19] Aja'altum siqaayatal haaajji wa 'imaaratal masjidil haraami kamman aamana billaahi wal Yawmil Aakhiri wa jaahada fee sabeelil laah; laa yastawoona 'indal laah; wallaahu laa yahdil qawmaz zaalimeen. 
[Q9:19] What! do you make (one who undertakes) the giving of drink to the pilgrims and the guarding of the Sacred Mosque like him who believes in ALLAH (SWT) and the latter day and strives hard in ALLAH (SWT)'s way? They are not equal with ALLAH (SWT); and ALLAH (SWT) does not guide the unjust people.

[Q9:19] Adakah kamu sifatkan hanya perbuatan memberi minum kepada orang-orang yang mengerjakan Haji dan (hanya perbuatan) memakmurkan Masjidilharam itu sama seperti orang yang beriman kepada ALLAH (SwT) dan hari akhirat serta berjihad pada jalan ALLAH (SwT)? Mereka (yang bersifat demikian) tidak sama di sisi ALLAH (SwT) dan ALLAH (SwT) tidak memberikan hidayat petunjuk kepada kaum yang zalim. 

(see commentary for verse 18)

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(9:19) Have you made the mere giving of water to pilgrims and the guardianship of the Masjid-i-Haram as equal to the works of the one who has believed in Allah and the Last Day, and exerted his utmost in the Way of Allah? *21 Well, these things are not equal in the sight of Allah, and Allah does not show guidance to the workers of iniquity.

*21 This question has been posed to bring home the fact that the guardianship of a shrine or attendance at it or other religious acts that are done for show, and are exploited by worldly people to establish and maintain the show of their piety, have no value whatsoever in the sight of Allah. THE REAL WORTH OF A PERSON WITH ALLAH IS THAT HE SHOULD BE SINCERE IN HIS BELIEFS AND MAKE SACRIFICES IN THE WAY OF AILAH, NO MATTER WHETHER HE ENJOYS OR DOES NOT ENJOY SUCH DISTINCTIONS OR HAPPENS TO DESCEND OR NOT FROM A FAMILY OF `SAINTS'. On the contrary, those people who lack these excellences have no value with Allah, no matter whether they be the descendants of saints or inherit the guardianship of shrines from a long line of saints, or perform some `religious' acts for show on special occasions. And it is not lawful in any way that the guardianship, etc. of sacred places and institutions should be left in the hands of these worthless people just because they happen to inhere such rights from their forefathers. 

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ {9:20}

[Q9:20] Allazeena aamanoo wa haajaroo wa jaahadoo fee sabeelil laahi bi amwaalihim wa anufsihim a'zamu darajatan 'indal laah; wa ulaaa'ika humul faaa'izoon. 
[Q9:20] Those who believed and fled (their homes), and strove hard in ALLAH (SWT)'s way with their property and their souls, are much higher in rank with ALLAH (SWT); and those are they who are the achievers (of their objects).

[Q9:20] (Sesungguhnya) orang-orang yang beriman dan berhijrah serta berjihad pada jalan ALLAH (SwT) dengan harta benda dan jiwa mereka adalah lebih besar dan tinggi darjatnya di sisi ALLAH (SwT) (daripada orang-orang yang hanya memberi minum orang-orang Haji dan orang yang memakmurkan masjid sahaja) dan mereka itulah orang-orang yang berjaya. 

(see commentary for verse 18)

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(9:20) Those alone who have believed, and left their homes and exerted their utmost with their lives and possessions in the Way of Allah, shall have the highest ranks with Allah: they are truly successful.

يُبَشِّرُهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَرِضْوَانٍ وَجَنَّاتٍ لَهُمْ فِيهَا نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ {9:21}

[Q9:21] Yubashshiruhum Rabbuhum birahmatim minhu wa ridwaaninw wa Jannaatil lahum feehaa na'eemum muqeem;
[Q9:21] Their Lord gives them good news of mercy from Himself and (His) good pleasure and gardens, wherein lasting blessings shall be theirs;

[Q9:21] Mereka digembirakan oleh Tuhan mereka dengan pemberian rahmat daripadanya dan keredaan serta Syurga; mereka beroleh di dalam Syurga itu nikmat kesenangan yang kekal. 

(see commentary for verse 18)

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(9:21) Their Lord gives them the good news of His mercy and His pleasure and of the Gardens, wherein is everlasting bliss for them:

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ {9:22}

[Q9:22] Khaalideena feehaaa abadaa; innal laaha 'indahooo ajrun 'azeem; 
[Q9:22] Abiding therein for ever; surely ALLAH (SWT) has a Mighty reward with Him.

[Q9:22] Mereka kekal di dalamnya selama-lamanya. Sesungguhnya ALLAH (SwT), menyediakan di sisiNya pahala yang besar. 

(see commentary for verse 18)

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(9:22) therein they shall abide for ever, for surely Allah has abundance to give rewards for services

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا آبَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ إِنِ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْكُفْرَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ {9:23}

[Q9:23] Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa tattakhizooo aabaaa 'akum wa ikhwaanakum awliyaaa'a inis tahabbul kufra 'alal eemaan; wa mai yatawal lahum minkum fa ulaaa'ika humuz zaalimoon. 
[Q9:23] O you who believe! Do not take your fathers and your brothers for guardians if they love unbelief more than belief; and whoever of you takes them for a guardian, these it is that are the unjust.

[Q9:23] Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Janganlah kamu menjadikan bapa-bapa kamu dan saudara-saudara kamu sebagai orang-orang yang didampingi jika mereka memilih kufur dengan meninggalkan iman dan sesiapa di antara kamu yang menjadikan mereka orang-orang yang didampingi, maka merekalah orang-orang yang zalim. 

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(9:23) O Believers, do not take your fathers and brothers as allies, if they choose disbelief in preference to Faith; for whoso of you will take them as allies shall surely be the workers of iniquity.

 قُلْ إِنْ كَانَ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَالٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَارَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَاكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُوا حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ{9:24}

[Q9:24] Qul in kaana aabaaa'ukum wa abnaaa'ukum wa ikhwaanukum wa azwaajukum wa 'asheeratukum wa amwaaluniq taraftumoohaa wa tijaaratun takhshawna kasaadahaa wa masaakinu tardawnahaaa ahabba ilaikum minal laahi wa Rasoolihee wa Jihaadin fee Sabeelihee fatarabbasoo hattaa yaatiyallaahu bi amrih; wallaahu laa yahdil qawmal faasiqeen.
[Q9:24] Say: If your fathers and your sons and your brethren and your mates and your kinsfolk and property which you have acquired, and the slackness of trade which you fear and dwellings which you like, are dearer to you than ALLAH (SWT) and His Messenger and striving in His way, then wait till ALLAH (SWT) brings about His command: and ALLAH (SWT) does not guide the transgressing people.

[Q9:24] Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): Jika bapa-bapa kamu dan anak-anak kamu dan saudara-saudara kamu dan isteri-isteri (atau suami-suami) kamu dan kaum keluarga kamu dan harta benda yang kamu usahakan dan perniagaan yang kamu bimbang akan merosot, dan rumah-rumah tempat tinggal yang kamu sukai, (jika semuanya itu) menjadi perkara-perkara yang kamu cintai lebih daripada ALLAH (SwT) dan RasulNya dan (daripada) berjihad untuk agamaNya, maka tunggulah sehingga ALLAH (SwT) mendatangkan keputusanNya (azab seksaNya); kerana ALLAH (SwT) tidak akan memberi petunjuk kepada orang-orang yang fasik (derhaka).

ISLAM DOES NOT PREACH ASCETICISM. Man is allowed to involve himself in his earthly ties and comforts, profits and gains, SO FAR AS HIS INVOLVEMENT DOES NOT HINDER HIM FROM WALKING ON THE RIGHT PATH OF ALLAH (SWT), BUT when the call of duty to the Lord of the worlds is made he must sacrifice all his worldly possessions, children and interests in the service of ALLAH (SWT) and His cause, WHICH ALONE EARNS FOR HIM THE BLISSFUL SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE HEREAFTER, not the material gains he has obtained in this world.

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(9:24) O Prophet, tell them plainly, "If your fathers and your sons, and your brothers and your wives, and your near and dear ones and the wealth which you have acquired and the trade you fear may decline and the homes which delight you-if all these things-are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger and the struggle in His Way, then wait till Allah passes His judgment on you; *22 for Allah does not guide the wicked people" .

*22 That is: "The judgment will deprive them of the blessings of the true Faith, and of the honour of bearing its standard and leading the world towards its guidance and bestow these on others". 

SECTION 4

ALLAH (SWT)’s help---at Honain

Providential victory at Honain---Idolaters prohibited from approaching the Scared Mosque.

لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ ۙ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ ۙ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ {9:25}

[Q9:25] Laqad nasarakumul laahu fee mawaatina kaseeratinw wa yawma Hunainin iz a'jabatkum kasratukum falam tughni 'ankum shai'anw wa daaqat 'alaikumul ardu bimaa rahubat summa wallaitum mudbireen. 
[Q9:25] Certainly ALLAH (SWT) helped you in many battlefields and on the day of Hunain, when your great numbers made you vain, but they availed you nothing and the earth became strait to you notwithstanding its spaciousness, then you turned back retreating.

[Q9:25] Sesungguhnya ALLAH (SwT) telah menolong kamu mencapai kemenangan dalam banyak medan-medan perang dan di medan perang Hunain, iaitu semasa kamu merasa megah dengan sebab bilangan kamu yang ramai; maka bilangan yang ramai itu tidak mendatangkan faedah kepada kamu sedikitpun dan (semasa kamu merasa) bumi yang luas itu menjadi sempit kepada kamu; kemudian kamu berpaling undur melarikan diri.

IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MAKKA, the pagan idolaters, under the command of Malik bin Awf, organised a great gathering of 4,000 soldiers near Hunayn which is on the road to Tayf from Makka to make plans for attacking the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad).

°          The Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad), with a force of 12,000, marched towards Hunayn. For the first time the Muslims had tremendous odds in their favour.

°          On leaving the narrow oasis of Hunayn the road enters winding gorges, suitable for ambuscades. As soon as the Muslim vanguard entered the hilly country, the enemy fell upon them with full fury and caused havoc with their arrows from their places of concealment.

°          Many were slain, and many ran away from the battle as they had done in the battle of Uhad. Those who were acclaimed as the heroes of Islam, after the departure of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) from this world, were among the deserters.

Abu Qatada says: "The Muslims took to flight. I was also among them. Suddenly I saw Umar ibn Khattab among those who were running away. I asked him: 'What has happened?' He said: 'It is the will of ALLAH (SWT).'"(Sahih Bukhari Vol. 3, p. 45.)

o    According to some traditions Ali ibne Abi Talib, Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib, Abu Sufyan ibn Harith and Abdullah ibn Masud were the only four persons who stayed with the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad). SOME SAY there were ten persons who did not run away. Ali stood in front of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) and stopped every attack made by the enemy to slay him.

o    The Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) called those who were deserting to come back. Some of them returned and joined Ali to launch a counter attack on the enemy. When Ali killed Abu Jarul, the standard bearer of the enemy army, a general retreat began to take place among the invaders, which soon turned into chaos and then flight. In this way a most crushing defeat was inflicted on the enemy.

AFTER THE BATTLE, on the instructions of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad), the spoils of war taken by the Muslims, were returned to those who embraced Islam. Some refused to comply with his orders. In such cases the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) compensated them.

When one companion protested that the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) had not done justice in the matter of distributing the spoils of war, some people wanted to kill him, BUT the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) stopped them and said: "Wait. Such people, on their own, one day will go out of the true faith, then the best of men among you will kill him." And that man was killed by Ali in the battle of Nahrawan.

The believers who stayed with the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) on the day of Hunayn also received the divine tranquillity (sakinah), along with the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad).

*** In verse 40 of this surah it is said that the companion of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) in the cave was deprived of this tranquillity.

IT IS LEFT TO EVERY INTELLIGENT READER TO ENQUIRE OR TO ASCERTAIN FROM THE DETAILED BOOKS OF ISLAMIC HISTORY as to where were all the others who deserted AND WHO LATER posed themselves as the greatest heroes of Islam and the Muslims, WHO IMMEDIATELY after the departure of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) from the world, claimed to be the Greatest Well-wishers of the faith and the faithful. HOWEVER, it will be sufficient to state here in the interest of brevity that only the above-mentioned ten persons remained in the Muslim ranks and the rest returned after a great shouting from a mountain by Abbas, for so far away the deserters had gone to save their own lives leaving the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) in the midst of the overpowering enemy.

IT IS A MATTER OF SURPRISE AND DISGRACE THAT CERTAIN COMMENTATORS while giving many other superfluous details about the verses, have consistently restrained from exposing many historic facts of importance and special significance about the correct knowledge of the guidance which the Holy Qur’an provides.

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(9:25) Allah has helped you on many occasions before this; (recently you witnessed the glory of His help *23 on the day of the Battle of Hunain; you were proud of your great numbers which had deluded you but it availed you nothing and the earth, with all its vastness, became too narrow for you, and turning your backs, you fled.

*23 This has been mentioned to allay the fears of those who were afraid of the consequences of the Declaration of the abrogation of the treaties, as if to say, "Why are you afraid of war? That Allah, Who helped you in far worse and dangerous situations on so many occasions before this, is there even now to help you. Had this Mission depended on your might, it could not have come out victorious in the hard trials at Makka nor in the Battle of Badr when the odds were heavily against you. This is because Allah's Power has been helping you, and past experiences have shown you how effective that Power is. Rest assured that the same Power will help you to succeed in your Mission."
The Battle of Hunain had taken place in the valley of Hunain between Ta'if and Makka in the month of Shawwal A.H. 8, a year or so before the Revelation of this discourse. This was the first battle in which the Muslim army consisted of 12,000 fighters and this far outnumbered the army of the disbelievers. But in spite of this the archers of the Hawazin clan wrought havoc among the Muslim army and put them to rout. The Holy Prophet and a few of his bravest Companions, however, firmly stood their ground and rallied the routed army, and ultimately won the victory. It was because of their perseverance that the army reassembled and the Muslims ultimately won the victory; otherwise they would have lost much more at Hunain than they had gained by the conquest of Makka. 

ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ {9:26}

[Q9:26] Summa anzalal laahu sakeenatahoo 'alaa Rasoolihee wa 'alalmu'mineena wa anzala junoodal lam tarawhaa wa azzabal lazeena kafaroo; wa zaalika jazaaa'ul kaafireen. 
[Q9:26] Then ALLAH (SWT) sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and sent down hosts which you did not see, and chastised those who disbelieved, and that is the reward of the unbelievers.

[Q9:26] Kemudian ALLAH (SwT) menurunkan semangat tenang tenteram kepada RasulNya dan kepada orang-orang yang beriman dan ALLAH (SwT) menurunkan tentera yang kamu tidak melihatnya, serta Dia menyeksa orang-orang kafir itu (dengan kekalahan yang membawa kehancuran); dan yang demikian itu ialah balasan bagi orang-orang yang kafir. 

By ‘The hosts which he did not see’ are meant the Angels who were sent to help the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) as it was done at Badr and the other occasions.

(see commentary for verse 25)

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(9:26) Then Allah sent down His sakinat (peace and tranquillityupon His Messenger and the Believers and sent (to your aidforces which you could not see and chastised those who denied the Truth: for this is the due recompense of those who deny the Truth.

ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {9:27}

[Q9:27] Summa yatoobul laahu mim ba'di zaalika 'alaa mai yashaaa'; wallaahu Ghafoorur Raheem.  
[Q9:27] Then will ALLAH (SWT) after this turn (mercifully) to whom He pleases, and ALLAH (SWT) is Forgiving, Merciful. 

[Q9:27] Kemudian ALLAH (SwT) menerima taubat orang-orang yang dikehendaki (dengan memberi taufiq untuk memeluk Islam), sesudah (orang-orang kafir itu ditimpakan dengan azab) dan (ingatlah) ALLAH (SwT) Maha Pengampun, lagi Maha Mengasihani.

(see commentary for verse 25)

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(9:27) Then (you have also seen thatafter giving chastisement like this, Allah guides to repentance whom He wills: *24 Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

*24 ".....Allah enables .....to repent" refers to the large number of the disbelievers who embraced Islam after the victory at Hunain as a result of the kind and generous treatment they received from the Holy Prophet, in spite of their former antagonism. This was mentioned to allay the anxiety of those new Muslims who feared that, as a result of the Declaration, all of their mushrik relatives would be put to death. (E.N. 16). They have been told to expect, in the light of the previous experiences, that the mushriks would be obliged to accept Islam, when they realize that neither any hope of the revival of the order of 'ignorance' was Ieft nor of any props to support it. 

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلَا يَقْرَبُوا الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَٰذَا ۚ وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ {9:28}

[Q9:28] Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanooo innamal mushrikoona najasun falaa yaqrabul Masjidal Haraama ba'da 'aamihim haaza; wa in khiftum 'ailatan fasawfa yughnee kumul laahu min fadliheee in shaaa'; innallaaha 'Aleemun hakeem. 
[Q9:28] O you who believe! The idolaters are nothing but unclean, so they shall not approach the Sacred Mosque after this year; and if you fear poverty then ALLAH (SWT) will enrich you out of His grace if He please; surely ALLAH (SWT) is Knowing Wise.

[Q9:28] Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Sesungguhnya (kepercayaan) orang-orang kafir musyrik itu najis, oleh itu janganlah mereka menghampiri Masjidilharam sesudah tahun ini dan jika kamu bimbangkan kepapaan, maka ALLAH (SwT) akan memberi kekayaan kepada kamu dari limpah kurniaNya, jika Dia kehendaki. Sesungguhnya ALLAH (SwT) Maha Mengetahui, lagi Maha Bijaksana.

The infidels are unclean both literally and metaphorically. It refers to their **physical uncleanliness as well as to their **impure hearts and souls. ACCORDING TO THE HOLY IMAMS ANYTHING WET TOUCHED BY AN IDOLATER SHOULD NOT BE USED UNLESS PROPERLY PURIFIED.

When the unclean pagans were debarred from entering the sacred precinct of Ka-bah, the Muslims began to worry about the profits from trade and commerce, BUT ALLAH (SWT) assured them that their welfare and economic position will not suffer. This actually happened.

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(9:28) O Believers, the mushriks are unclean; therefore let them not come near the Masjid-i-Haram *25 after this year (of their pilgrimage); if you fear poverty Allah will enrich you, out of His bounty if He wills: for Allah is All-knowing, All-Wise.

*25 This prohibition was meant to root out all the vestiges of shirk and 'ignorance'. For the mushriks were prohibited not only from the performance of Haj and attendance at the Masjid-i-Haram but also from entering into its sacred precincts.
They are "unclean" in their creeds, in their morals, in their deeds, and in their ways of `ignorance', and not in their physical bodies by themselves. That is the reason why they have been prohibited from entering the sacred precincts of the Holy Place.
This prohibition has been interpreted in different ways. Imam Abu Hanifah is of the view that it prohibits them only from the performance of Haj and Umrah, and from the observance of the rites of `ignorance' in the Holy Precincts. But Imam Shafi`i is of the opinion that they have been forbidden even to enter the Masjid-i-Haram for any purpose whatsoever. Imam Malik is of the opinion that they are forbidden not only to enter Masjid-i-Haram but any mosque at all. It is, however, obvious that the last opinion is not correct, as the Holy Prophet himself permitted mushriks to enter the Prophet's Mosque at AI-Madinah. 

قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حَتَّىٰ يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ {9:29}

[Q9:29] Qaatilul lazeena laa yu'minoona billaahi wa laa bil yawmil Aakhiri wa laa yuharrimoona maa harramal laahu wa Rasooluhoo wa laa yadeenoona deenal haqqi minal lazeena ootul Kitaaba hattaa yu'tul jizyata ai yadinw wa hum saaghiroon. 
[Q9:29] Fight those who do not believe in ALLAH (SWT), nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what ALLAH (SWT) and His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.

[Q9:29] Perangilah orang-orang yang tidak beriman kepada ALLAH (SwT) dan tidak beriman kepada hari akhirat dan mereka pula tidak mengharamkan apa yang telah diharamkan oleh ALLAH (SwT) dan RasulNya dan tidak beragama dengan agama yang benar, iaitu dari orang-orang yang diberikan Kitab (kaum Yahudi dan Nasrani), sehingga mereka membayar "Jizyah" dengan keadaan taat dan merendah diri.

ACCORDING TO THIS VERSE A DISBELIEVER, OR A POLYTHEIST, OR AN INFIDEL (KAFIR) IS HE WHO

          i.      Does not believe in ALLAH (SWT), nor in His oneness and unity, but associates other created beings as partners or co-equals with Him

         ii.      Does not believe in the Day of Judgement

       iii.      Does not follow what ALLAH (SWT) and His Prophet have enjoined

       iv.      Does not accept and submit to the true religion.

As the above noted negations are correlative and interrelated, one is the necessary consequence of the other. Apart from the corrupted and distorted beliefs of the people of the book (described in the succeeding verses) their denial and rejection of the true religion of ALLAH (SWT), Islam, is sufficient to put them in the category of disbelievers. The Jews and the Christians are the people of the book, and according to the jurists of the school of Ahlul Bayt Zoroastrians are also included in the people of the book, BECAUSE in verse 22:17 of al Hajj they have been grouped with the Jews and the Christians, AND the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) and Imam Ali also treated them in the same manner as the Jews and the Christians were treated.

ALLAH (SWT) enjoins upon the believers to fight against the disbelievers and the people of the book until they are subdued and agree to pay jizyah (the root meaning is compensation) with [1] willing submission to live under the protection of Islam, [2] enjoying personal liberty of conscience, [3] free to profess and practice their own faith, not [4] interfering with the preaching and progress of Islam. [They were exempted from military service, therefore in effect jizyah was a nominal compensation paid by them in return for the protection of their property and lives for which the Islamic government was responsible]

It was a necessary step that had to be taken in view of the treacherous attitude of the Jews and the pagans who had been harassing and creating chaos all the time during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad). When defeated they readily made pacts to avoid the consequences of the defeat, BUT always jumped at every opportunity to kill the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) AND the believers and destroy the progress of Islam by breaking promises and covenants and hatching secret schemes.

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(9:29) Fight with those from among the people of the Book, who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day; *26 who do not make unlawful that which Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful, *27 and do not adopt the Right way as their way. (Fight with themuntil they pay Jizyah with their own hands and are humbled. *28

*26 Though the people of the Book professed to believe in Allah and the Hereafter, in fact they believed in neither. For only that person really believes in Allah who acknowledges Him as the only One God and the only One Lord, and does not associate with Him any other, whatsoever, in His Being, in His characteristics, in His rights and in His powers and authority. But according to this definition of shirk both the Christians and the Jews were guilty of shirk as has been made plain in the verses that follow: therefore their profession of belief in Allah was meaningless. Likewise they did not really believe in the Hereafter, in spite of the fact that they believed in Resurrection. For it is not enough: one must also believe that on that Day absolute justice will be done on the basis of one's belief and actions. One should also believe that no ransom and no expiation and no 'spiritual' relationships with any 'saint' shall be of any avail on that Day. It is absolutely meaningless to believe in the Hereafter without this. And the Jews and the Christians had polluted their faiths because they believed that such things would protect them against justice on that Day. 
*27 The second reason why Jihad should be waged against them is that they did not adopt the Law sent down by Allah through His Messenger. 
*28 This is the aim of Jihad with the Jews and the Christians and it is not to force them to become Muslims and adopt the `Islamic Way of Life.' They should be forced to pay Jizyah in order to put an end to their independence and supremacy so that they should not remain rulers and sovereigns in the land. These powers should be wrested from them by the followers of the true Faith, who should assume the sovereignty and lead others towards the Right Way, while they should become their subjects and pay jizyah. Jizyah is paid by those non-Muslims who live as Zimmis (proteges) in an Islamic State, in exchange for the security and protection granted to them by it. This is also symbolical of the fact that they themselves agree to live in it as its subjects. This is the significance of "..... they Pay jizyah with their own hands," that is, "with full consent so that they willingly become the subjects of the Believers, who perform the duty of the vicegerents of AIIah on the earth. "
At first this Command applied only to the Jews and the Christians. Then the Holy Prophet himself extended it to the Zoroastrians also. After his death, his Companions unanimously applied this rule to all the non-Muslim nations outside Arabia.
This is jizyah" of which the Muslims have been feeling apologetic during the last two centuries of their degeneration and there are still some people who continue to apologize for it. But the Way of Allah is straight and clear and does trot stand in need of any apology to the rebels against AIIah. Instead of offering apologies on behalf of Islam for the measure that guarantees security of life, property and faith to those who choose to live under its protection, the Muslims should feel proud of such a humane law as that of jizyah. For it is obvious that the maximum freedom that can be allowed to those who do not adopt the Way of AIIah but choose to tread the ways of error is that they should be tolerated to lead the life they like. That is why the Islamic State offers them protection, if they agree to live as its Zimmis by paying jizyah, but it cannot allow that they should remain supreme rulers in any place and establish wrong ways and impose them on others. As this state of things inevitably produces chaos and disorder, it is the duty of the true Muslims to exert their utmost to bring to an end their wicked rule and bring them under a righteous order.
As regards the question, "What do the non-Muslims get in return for Jizyah" it may suffice to say that it is the price of the freedom which the Islamic State allows them in following their erroneous ways, while living in the jurisdiction of Islam and enjoying its protection. The money thus collected is spent in maintaining the righteous administration that gives them the freedom and protects their rights. This also serves as a yearly reminder to them that they have been deprived of the honour of paying Zakat in the Way of Allah, and forced to pay jizyah instead as a price of following the ways of error. 

SECTION 5

The Polytheism of the Jews and the Christians

The Polytheism of the Jews and the Christians---Their endeavour to wipe out the Truth with their vain efforts---The dishonesty of the Priests and the Monks---Change in the Sacred months declared as infidelity.

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۖ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ {9:30}

[Q9:30] Wa qaalatil yahoodu 'Uzairunib nul laahi wa qaalatin Nasaaral Maseehub nul laahi zaalika qawluhum bi afwaahihim yudaahi'oona qawlal lazeena kafaroo min qabl; qatalahumul laah; annaa yu'fakoon. 
[Q9:30] And the Jews say: Uzair is the son of ALLAH (SWT); and the Christians say: The Messiah is the son of ALLAH (SWT); these are the words of their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved before; may ALLAH (SWT) destroy them; how they are turned away!

[Q9:30] Dan orang-orang Yahudi berkata: Uzair ialah anak ALLAH (SwT) dan orang-orang Nasrani berkata: Al-Masih ialah anak ALLAH (SwT). Demikianlah perkataan mereka dengan mulut mereka sendiri, (iaitu) mereka menyamai perkataan orang-orang kafir dahulu; semoga ALLAH (SwT) binasakan mereka. Bagaimanakah mereka boleh berpaling dari kebenaran?

In these verses [*] the corrupted and [*] distorted beliefs of the Jews and the Christians have been pointed out, BECAUSE of which they have been grouped with idolaters in the preceding verse.

Please refer to the commentary of Ali Imran 3:64.

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(9:30) The Jews say, "Ezra (`Uzairis the son of Allah,” *29 and the Christians say, "The Messiah is the son of God." Such are the baseless things they utter with their tongues, following in the footsteps of the former unbelievers. *30 May Allah afflict them with chastisement! Wherefrom are they being perverted?

*29 Uzair (Ezra) lived during the period around 450 B.C. The Jews regarded him with great reverence as the revivalist of their Scriptures which had beat lost during their captivity in Babylon aftar the death of Prophet Solomon. So much so that they had lost all the knowledge of their Law, their traditions and of Hebrew, their national language. Then it was Ezra who re-wrote the Old Testament and revived the Law. That is why they used very exaggerated language in his reverence which misled some of the Jewish sects to make him 'the son of God'. The Qur'an, however, does not assert that all the Jews were unanimous in declaring Ezra as 'the son of God'. What it intends to say is that the perversion in the articles of faith of the Jews concerning AIIah had degenerated to such an extent that there were some amongst them who considered Ezra as the son of God. 
*30 "Those who were involved in Kufr before them" were the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, etc. The Jews and the Christians were so influenced by their philosophies, their superstitions and fancies that they also invented erroneous creeds like theirs. (For details sec E.N. 101 of Al-Ma Idah).