SURAH (10) YUNUS (AYA 1 to 20)

Sura (10) YUNUS (Jonah) Aya 1 to 109 verses in 11 Section

Revealed at Makka

SECTION 1

The Qur’an contains signs fro the All-Wise

The object of the revelation of the Qur’an to the Apostle (Muhammad)---The believers and the disbelievers in the Truth and the reward and the punishment.

الر ۚ تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْحَكِيمِ {10:1}

[Q10:1] Alif-Laaam-Raa; tilka Aayaatul Kitaabil Hakeem. 
[Q10:1] Alif Lam Ra. These are the verses of the wise Book.

[Q10:1] Alif, Laam Raa' ini ialah ayat-ayat Kitab (Al-Quran) yang mengandungi hikmat-hikmat dan kebenaran yang tetap teguh.

See the commentary of al Baqarah 2:1 for Alif Lam Ra-huruf muqatta-at. For the "book of wisdom" see commentary of al kitab in al-Baqarah 2:2." It has already been said that the letter symbols used in the HOLY QUR’AN are divine secrets known only to ALLAH (SWT), the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) and the Holy Imams.

v  All interpretations by the people are only conjectures.

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(10:1) Alif. Lam. Ra. These are the verses of the Book overflowing with wisdom. *1

*1. This introductory statement carries a subtle note of warning. For the unbelievers, out of their sheer stupidity looked upon the Qur'an which was presented to them by the Prophet (peace be on him) as merely a literary masterpiece, an embodiment of spellbinding poetic imagination, a fascinating discourse on a very sublime, illusive plane in the manner of soothsayers. The unbelievers are told that such notions are pure misconceptions. On the contrary, the Qur'anic verses are part of a Book which abounds in wisdom. Hence, if they disregard the Qur'an, they are merely depriving themselves of a treasure-house of wisdom. 

أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ أَنْذِرِ النَّاسَ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ ۗ قَالَ الْكَافِرُونَ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَسَاحِرٌ مُبِينٌ {10:2}

[Q10:2] A kaana linnaasi 'aaban an awhainaaa ilaa rajulim minhum an anzirin naasa wa bashshiril lazeena aamanoo anna lahum qadama sidqin 'inda Rabbihim; qaalal kaafiroona inna haaza lasaahirum mubeen. 

[Q10:2] What! Is it a wonder to the people that We revealed to a man from among themselves, saying: Warn the people and give good news to those who believe that theirs is a footing of firmness with their Lord. The unbelievers say: This is most surely a manifest enchanter.

[Q10:2] Tidaklah patut adanya pada manusia yang ingkar itu perasaan hairan disebabkan Kami telah wahyukan kepada seorang lelaki dari jenis mereka (Nabi Muhammad, dengan berfirman kepadanya): Berilah amaran kepada umat manusia (yang ingkar, dengan balasan azab) dan sampaikanlah berita yang menggembirakan kepada orang-orang yang beriman, bahawa bagi mereka ada persediaan yang sungguh mulia di sisi Tuhan mereka (disebabkan amal-amal soleh yang mereka kerjakan). (Setelah Nabi Muhammad memberi amaran dan menyampaikan berita yang menggembirakan) berkatalah orang-orang kafir (yang merasa hairan) itu: Sebenarnya (Al-Quran) ini ialah sihir yang terang nyata.

RAJUL (MAN) REFERS TO THE HOLY PROPHET (ALLAHUMA SALI ALA MUHAMMAD WA ALA ALI MUHAMMAD) - **NEITHER A GOD-INCARNATE, **NOR A DEMI-GOD. The pagans of Arabia, like the pagans elsewhere, had no conception of prophethood and revelation at all. They would understand incarnation (ALLAH (SWT) becoming man) OR believe in any heavenly agency (angels), BUT it was beyond their comprehension that a human being like them could be the messenger of ALLAH (SWT). They misjudged the fact of messengership by attributing it to magic and sorcery.

Ø  "Those who believe" refers to Ali, Khadijah and Abu Talib who were the first and the foremost believers in ALLAH (SWT) and in the divine mission of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad). Refer to the commentary of al Bara-at 9:100 and 113.

THE QUR’AN DOES NOT PRAISE OR CONDEMN ANY INDIVIDUAL BY MENTIONING HIS OR HER NAME, BUT REFERS TO THE PRAISEWORTHY MERITS OR CONDEMNABLE EVILS SO THAT ANY SUCH VERSE MAY BE APPLIED TO ANY PERSON ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF MERIT OR EVIL DESCRIBED THEREIN, IN ORDER THAT EVERY ONE SHOULD TRY TO OWN GOODNESS AND AVOID EVIL.

v  Ibn Marduwayh reports on the authority of Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari that this verse was revealed as a special reference to Ali ibne Abi Talib. Also refer to Tafsir Burhan vol. 2, p. 177 and Tafsir Qartabi vol. 5, p. 3145.

QADAMA SIDQ (A FIRM FOOTING), WHICH ALSO IMPLIES "GREAT GRACE", REFERS TO THE AUTHORITY OF INTERCESSION THE HOLY PROPHET (ALLAHUMA SALI ALA MUHAMMAD WA ALA ALI MUHAMMAD) AND HIS AHLUL BAYT POSSESS, GIVEN TO THEM BY ALLAH (SWT), TO OBTAIN FORGIVENESS FROM ALLAH (SWT) FOR THE BELIEVERS. Refer to the commentary of al Baqarah 2:48.

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 (10:2) Does it seem strange to people that We should have revealed to a man from among themselves, directing him to warn the people (who lie engrossed in heedlessness); and to give good news to the believers that they shall enjoy true honour and an exalted status with their Lord? *2 (Is this so strange that) the deniers of the truth should say: 'This man is indeed an evident sorcerer'? *3

*2. The unbelievers are asked why they are astonished that a human being has been designated to warn other human beings. Would it have been reasonable to designate some angel Jinn or animal rather than a human being to warn other human beings? Similarly, is there anything weird or exotic about the appointment of a Prophet? For if people are found engrossed in error and are oblivious to the truth, what then is truly strange: that their Creator and Lord should make arrangements to guide them or let them continue stumbling in their error? And if Divine Guidance is made available to human beings, does it not stand to reason that it is those who follow, rather than those who reject it, that deserve to be held in honour and esteem? Those who express their astonishment at this should reconsider what it is that truly merits astonishment.
*3. The unbelievers' allegation that the Prophet (peace be on him) is a sorcerer is devoid of even an iota of truth. The mere fact that a person, by dint of his capacity to express himself effectively, influences people and captivates their hearts and minds does not warrant being called a sorcerer. What is worth considering is the purpose for which he employs his oratorical skill, and the kind of influence that his oration has on the audience. Any orator who uses his skill for an evil purpose will naturally be considered a demagogue, an unbridled and irresponsible speaker. For his only interest lies in casting a spell over his audience, even if he might have to resort to making false and exaggerated statements or saying things that are altogether unjust.
The discourse of such speakers is bereft of all wisdom. For all it aims to do is to hoodwink and bamboozle the gullible masses. Such speakers have no coherent set of ideas to offer. What they say is full of contradiction and incoherence. Such speakers lack moderation and lean towards extremism. For their purpose is to prove their capacity to spellbind their audiences by verbal flamboyance or to intoxicate them with inflammatory eloquence in order to pit one group against another. Such oratory is not conducive to moral improvement, and the lives of the audience are by no means reformed. Neither does the eloquence of such speakers bring about any healthy change in the outlook of the audience nor in the quality of their lives. In fact, such eloquence may even have an evil and corrupting influence. In sharp contrast to all this, the Prophet's oration is characterized by wisdom and coherence, balance and moderation of the highest order, and strict adherence to the truth. Each word of the Prophet (peace be on him) is pregnant with purposiveness and manifests a keen sense of proportion. In addition, all his oration is directed to just on e purpose - to guide and reform mankind. In all that he says there is no trace of any concern for worldly interests - personal, familial or national. He only warns people against the evil consequences of their heedlessness and invites them to something that would lead to their own well-being. Furthermore, the effect of the Prophet's oration on his audience is radically different from that of sorcerers. For, all those who accept the Prophet's message undergo a change for the better; their moral conduct improves, and all in all they become oriented to righteousness and benevolence. It was, therefore, for the Prophet's detractors to consider whether sorcerers achieve such results and whether their professional skills are directed towards such noble purposes. 

إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ۖ يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ ۖ مَا مِنْ شَفِيعٍ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ إِذْنِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ ۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ {10:3}

[Q10:3] Inna Rabbakumul laahul lazee khalaqas samaawaati wal arda fee sittati aiyaamin summas tawaa 'alal 'Arshi yudabbirul amra maa min shafee'in illaa mim ba'di iznih; zalikumul laahu Rabbukum fa'budooh; afalaa tazakkaroun. 
[Q10:3] Surely your Lord is ALLAH (SWT), Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods, and He is firm in power, regulating the affair, there is no intercessor except after His permission; this is ALLAH (SWT), your Lord, therefore serve Him; will you not then mind?

[Q10:3] Sesungguhnya Tuhan kamu ialah ALLAH (SwT) yang menjadikan langit dan bumi dalam enam masa kemudian Dia bersemayam di atas Arasy mentadbirkan segala urusan. Tidak ada sesiapa pun yang dapat memberi syafaat melainkan sesudah diizinkanNya. (Yang bersifat demikian) itulah ALLAH (SwT), Tuhan (yang memelihara dan mentadbirkan keadaan) kamu; maka tunduklah dan taatlah kamu kepada perintahNya; patutkah kamu setelah mengetahui kenyataan yang tersebut tidak mahu mengingatiNya? 

Refer to the commentary of al Araf 7:54.

Again it is mentioned in this verse THAT WITH HIS PERMISSION INTERCESSION IS ALLOWED. Refer to the commentary of al Baqarah 2:48.

v  The duration of a day (yawm) can be a moment or fifty thousand years. See al Ma-arij 70:4.

Thumma, used in all such verses where creation has been mentioned along with total omnipotent control, refers only to function, not to time.

§  There is a mention of ALLAH (SWT) creating the heaven and the earth in six days in the Old Testament vide: Gen. Chaps 1 and 2.

The phrase ‘Istawa alal Arsh’ has been used in other places of the Holy Qur’an vide verses 7:54, 10:3, 13:2, 20:5, 25:59, 32:14 and 57:4.

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(10:3) Surely your Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then established Himself on the Throne (of His Dominion), governing all affairs of the universe. *4 None may intercede with Him except after obtaining His leave. *5 Such is Allah, your Lord; do therefore serve Him. *6 Will you not take heed? *7

*4. There is no reason to believe that after having created everything God chose to consign Himself to the limbo of unconcern. On the contrary, after His great act of creation He established Himself on the Throne and holds the reins of the entire universe so that He not only reigns but in fact also effectively rules over the universe. The Qur'an considers it a colossal error - an error to which the ignorant have succumbed - to believe that after creating the universe God either left it to run on its own, or entrusted its affairs to others to govern it as they please. On the contrary, the Qur'an emphasizes that it is God Who is directing all the affairs of His creation; that all power effectively rests with Him alone. The Qur'an constantly drives home the point that God alone has all authority so that all that takes place in the universe or in any part of it takes place by His command or His leave. God's relationship with the universe is not simply that He created it; rather the reins of the universe are with Him and He is in effective and continual control of its affairs. It is He alone Who keeps the universe in existence and it is He alone Who directs it as He pleases. {See Towards Understanding the Qur'an, vol. III, al-A'raf, nn. 41-2, pp. 33-4.)
*5. No one is in a position to interfere with God in His governance of the universe, or has the power to effectively intercede with God on anyone else's behalf and to prevail upon Him to change any of His decisions. Nor is anyone in such a position of power with God that his intercession would make or unmake anyone else's destiny. The utmost that a person can do is to pray to God. However, the acceptance or non-acceptance of such prayers rests solely with Him. No one is so powerful that his desire will, of necessity, always prevail with God, nor does anyone's intercession bind God to act according to the former's desire.
*6. After emphasizing the given fact of God's lordship in the first part of the verse, man is now informed of its logical consequences. Since all authority rests solely with God, it is incumbent upon man to serve Him exclusively. God's lordship embraces the three-fold attributes of His being (i) the Sustainer, (ii) the Master, and (iii) the Sovereign. 
In like manner, the term 'ibadah embraces the three-fold corresponding implications that man should (i)worship, (ii) serve, and (iii) obey God. 
*7. Since man has been informed of the fundamental truths and has been shown the right way, there is no justification for him to remain engrossed in those false conceptions which have caused him to act in a manner altogether inconsistent with the reality.

إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ جَمِيعًا ۖ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقًّا ۚ إِنَّهُ يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَهُمْ شَرَابٌ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ {10:4}

[Q10:4] Ilaihi marji'ukum jamee 'anw wa'dal laahi haqqaa; innahoo yabda'ul khalqa summa yu'eeduhoo liyajziyal lazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati bilqist; wallazeena kafaroo lahum sharaabum min hamee minw wa 'azaabun aleemum bimaa kaanoo yakfuroun. 
[Q10:4] To Him is your return, of all (of you); the promise of ALLAH (SWT) (made) in truth; surely He begins the creation in the first instance, then He reproduces it, that He may with justice recompense those who believe and do good; and (as for) those who disbelieve, they shall have a drink of hot water and painful punishment because they disbelieved.

[Q10:4] KepadaNyalah kembalinya kamu semua, sebagai janji ALLAH (SwT) yang benar. Sesungguhnya Dialah yang memulakan kejadian sekalian makhluk, kemudian Dia mengembalikannya (hidup semula sesudah matinya), untuk membalas orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal soleh dengan adil dan orang-orang yang kafir pula, disediakan bagi mereka minuman dari air panas yang menggelegak dan azab yang tidak terperi sakitnya, disebabkan mereka ingkar dan berlaku kufur. 

Haqq -THE PROMISE OF ALLAH (SWT) IS [1] SURE, [2] CERTAIN, [3] TRUE, [4] RIGHT, [5] FOR JUST ENDS, [6] IN RIGHT PROPORTIONS -all these ideas are implied. [a] ALLAH (SWT)'s creation is continuous, [b] there are many stages, THE MOST IMPORTANT OF WHICH IS THE HEREAFTER.

The sun, the moon and all other heavenly bodies are created beings, CREATED TO SERVE MAN, THEREFORE he should not bow to them as gods -THEY HAVE BEEN CREATED TO DEMONSTRATE THE TRUTH OF THE DIVINE UNITY.

v  The boiling fluid is a symbol of the grievous penalty that results from rebellion against ALLAH (SWT).

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(10:4) To Him is your return. *8 This is Allah's promise that will certainly come true. Surely it is He Who brings about the creation of all and He will repeat it *9 so that He may justly reward those who believe and do righteous deeds; and that those who disbelieve may have a draught of boiling water and suffer a painful chastisement for their denying the truth. *10

*8. The Prophet's teachings comprise two fundamental doctrines: (i) that God alone is man's Lord and hence man should worship Him, AND (ii) that man is bound to return to his Lord in the Next Life wherein he will be made to render an account to his Lord. This particular verse focuses on the second of these two doctrines.
*9. This Qur'anic statement combines the enunciation of a basic doctrine with its supporting argument. The doctrine that is being enunciated here is that God will resurrect man. This is supported by the argument that it is God Who brought about the creation in the first place. All those who believe that the original creation was an act of God can neither consider it impossible nor
*10. The present verse sets forth the rationale of resurrection. The preceding verses had conclusively established that resurrection is possible, that there is no reasonable ground to dub it as a far-fetched idea. Drawing upon the above, the verse under consideration points out that the requirements of justice and reason can only be fulfilled by resurrection, and that this calls for a repetition of the original act of creation by God.
The point that is being made here is that those who accept God as their One and the Only Lord and truly live in service and devotion to Him deserve to be fully rewarded for their righteous conduct. Likewise, those who reject the truth and act according to their own whim deserve to be duly punished for their unrighteous conduct. The present life is so constituted that reward and punishment are not being meted out and cannot be meted out in the manner described above. This is a plain fact, and one which is evident to all except those who are obstinate, This being the case, reason and justice demand fresh creation in order that such reward and punishment be meted out.

هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ ۚ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ۚ يُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ {10:5}

[Q10:5] Huwal lazee ja'alash shamsa diyaaa'anw walqamara nooranw wa qaddarahoo manaaz zila lita'lamoo 'adadas sineena walhisaab; maa khalaqal laahu zaalika illa bilhaqq; yufassilul aayaati liqawminw ya'lamoon.
[Q10:5] He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light, and ordained for it mansions that you might know the computation of years and the reckoning. ALLAH (SWT) did not create it but with truth; He makes the signs manifest for a people who understand.

[Q10:5] Dialah yang menjadikan matahari bersinar-sinar (terang-benderang) dan bulan bercahaya dan Dialah yang menentukan perjalanan tiap-tiap satu itu (berpindah-randah) pada tempat-tempat peredarannya masing-masing) supaya kamu dapat mengetahui bilangan tahun dan kiraan masa. ALLAH (SwT) tidak menjadikan semuanya itu melainkan dengan adanya faedah dan gunanya yang sebenar. ALLAH (SwT) menjelaskan ayat-ayatNya (tanda-tanda kebesaranNya) satu persatu bagi kaum yang mahu mengetahui (hikmat sesuatu yang dijadikanNya).  

(see commentary for verse 4)

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(10:5) He it is Who gave the sun radiance and the moon light, and determined the stages (for the waxing and waning of the moon) that you may learn the calculation of years and the reckoning of time. Allah has created all this with a rightful purpose (rather than out of play). He expounds His signs for the people who know.

إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ {10:6}

[Q10:6] Inna fikh tilaafil laili wannahaari wa maa khalaqal laahu fis samaawaati wal ardi la Aayaatil liqawminy yattaqoon. 
[Q10:6] Most surely in the variation of the night and the day, and what ALLAH (SWT) has created in the heavens and the earth, there are signs for a people who guard (against evil).

[Q10:6] Sesungguhnya pada pertukaran malam dan siang silih berganti dan pada segala yang dijadikan oleh ALLAH (SwT) di langit dan di bumi, ada tanda-tanda (yang menunjukkan undang-undang dan peraturan ALLAH (SwT)) kepada kaum yang mahu bertakwa. 

Refer to the commentary of al Baqarah 2:164 and An-am 6:1.

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(10:6) Surely in the alternation of the night and the day and in all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth there are signs for the people who seek to avoid (error of outlook and conduct). *11

*11. This provides yet another argument in support of the doctrine of the Hereafter. The argument is derived from the orderly nature of the universe. This vast universe - the handiwork of God - is spread out before our eyes. It is full of signs of God's power and wisdom such as those which underlie the sun and the moon and the alternation of night and day. Even a superficial glance at the universe is enough to convince one that the Creator of this enormous universe is not at all like a child who creates something to play with and after enjoying it for a while whimsically destroys it. For IT IS QUITE EVIDENT THAT EVERY ACT OF THE CREATOR IS CHARACTERIZED BY ORDER AND WISDOM, AND THAT A STRONG PURPOSIVENESS UNDERLIES EVERYTHING, EVEN A SPECK OF DUST. Now, since the Creator is All-Wise - as is evident from His creation - IT IS ABSURD TO ASSUME THAT HE WHO HAS ALSO INVESTED MAN WITH REASON, MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND FREE-WILL, WILL NOT CALL MAN TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS CONDUCT; that He will altogether disregard the need for retribution arising from man's responsibility which in turn stems from his inherent rational and moral endowments.
Apart from expounding the doctrine of the Hereafter, the above verses also adduce the following three arguments in support of that doctrine: 
First, a persuasive case is made out in support of the possibility of a second life. The basis of the argument is that the creation of man in the first instance is indicative of God's creative power. (There is no reason to believe that God has become bereft of that power of creation, and hence would be unable to create man afresh - Ed.) Second, the Next Life is needed in order that man might be rewarded or punished in consideration of his performance, whether good or bad. Both justice and reason seem to call for a new life wherein everyone would be able to see, in a fair manner, the consequence of his deeds. Third that the Next Life, which is a requirement of justice and reason, will certainly come to pass. This is because the Creator, Who created man and the universe, is All-Wise, and it is inconceivable that such a Being will not respond to an unmistakable requirement of justice and reason.
After careful consideration it appears that the above are the only possible arguments that might be adduced and they suffice to establish that there is life after death. The only possible question that remains, after having established that the Next Life is demanded by both reason and justice, and also that it is a requisite of God's wisdom, is whether it is possible to visually observe the Next Life in the manner in which people observe other objects. Now it should he clearly understood that this inability will remain during the present phase of existence. The reason for it is that God asks man to believe in cerium truths and such a demand in respect of objects which can be observed with human eyes would be utterly meaningless. The test to which man has been put consists precisely of this; whether man can affirm certain truths which belong to the suprasensory realm by the use of his rational faculties.
Another point which has been stated in this context also deserves serious consideration. This is embodied in the following Qur'anic statement: 'He expounds His signs for the people who know' (Yunus 10: 5);'. . . and in all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth there are signs for the people who seek to avoid (error of outlook and conduct)' (Yunus 10: 6). This means that God in His infinite wisdom has seen to it that in the multifarious phenomena of existence there should be plenty of signs which betoken the hidden realities underlying that phenomena. However, not all men will be able to benefit from those signs. Those who will be able to benefit are those (i) who liberate themselves from prejudices and seek knowledge with the help of the natural endowments bestowed upon them by God and (ii) those who are Keen not to fall into error and who earnestly seek to adhere to the right way. 

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا وَرَضُوا بِالْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَاطْمَأَنُّوا بِهَا وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِنَا غَافِلُونَ {10:7}

[Q10:7] Innal lazeena laa yarjoona liqaaa'anaa wa radoo bilhayaatid dunyaa watma annoo bihaa wallazeena hum 'an Aayaatinaa ghaafiloon – 
[Q10:7] Surely those who do not hope in Our meeting and are pleased with this world's life and are content with it, and those who are heedless of Our communications:

[Q10:7] Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang tidak menaruh ingatan akan menemui Kami (pada hari akhirat untuk menerima balasan) dan yang reda (berpuashati) dengan kehidupan dunia semata-mata serta merasa tenang tenteram dengannya dan orang-orang yang tidak mengindahkan ayat-ayat (keterangan dan tanda-tanda kekuasasaan) Kami. 

Liqa-ana (meeting with Us) DOES NOT MEAN SEEING ALLAH (SWT); IT REFERS TO THE ULTIMATE RETURN TO ALLAH (SWT) FOR THE FINAL ACCOUNTABILITY.

v  It has been clearly laid ‘Laa thoriduhl-Absaar’, i.e., the eyes will not see Him (ALLAH (SWT)) --- see verse 11 of this surah

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(10:7) Surely those who do not expect to meet Us, who are gratified with the life of the world and content with it, and are heedless of Our signs,

أُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمُ النَّارُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ {10:8}

[Q10:8] Ulaaa'ika maawaahumun Naaru bimaa kaanoo yaksiboon. 

[Q10:8] (As for) those, their abode is the fire because of what they earned.
[Q10:8] Mereka yang demikian keadaannya (di dunia), tempat kediaman mereka (di akhirat) ialah Neraka; disebabkan keingkaran dan kederhakaan yang mereka telah lakukan. 

Continuation of VERSE 10:7--- the disbelievers will be in fire (hell) forever.
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(10:8) their abode shall be the Fire in return for their misdeeds, *12

*12. Here again a doctrine has been put forth along with its supporting argument. (For another such instance seen. 9 above-Ed.)The statement that is being made here is that rejection of the doctrine of the Hereafter necessarily entails the punishment of Hell, and the argument that is being proffered in support of it is that those who are oblivious to the Hereafter commit, because of their disbelief in it, evil deeds which can only lead to them suffering the torments of Hell. This argument is corroborated by the entire record of man's past. It is quite clear that the lives of those who do not believe that they, will not be held to account by God for their deeds; who work on the assumption that life is merely confined to the span of worldly existence; who measure human success or failure only in terms of the extent of material comfort, fame and power that a person is able to enjoy: who under the influence of such materialistic notions do not even care to pay attention to those signs of God which point to reality, assume an altogether wrong direction with the result that their life is vitiated. Hence they live a totally unbridled life, develop the worst possible character traits, and fill God's earth with injustice and corruption, with sin and transgression, and ultimately end up meriting the punishment of Hell.
It will be seen that whereas the three arguments mentioned earlier were of a theoretical nature the above argument about the Hereafter is drawn from human experience itself. Although in the present verse the argument is found only in an implicit form, it is spelt out at several other places in the Qur'an. The argument essentially is that unless man's character rests on the consciousness and conviction that he will have to render an account for all his deeds to God, both man's individual and collective behaviour will fail to have sound basis and direction. It would seem, therefore, to be worth asking: why is this so? Why is it that once this consciousness and conviction are altogether ended or greatly enfeebled, the human character turns to iniquity and corruption? Had affirmation of the Hereafter not been in conformity with reality, and conversely, had its denial not been opposed to it, then the evil consequences flowing from the denial of the Hereafter would not have been found with such unfailing regularity. If adherence to a proposition invariably leads to good results, and failure to adhere to it invariably leads to evil consequences, then this definitely proves the proposition to be true.
In an attempt to refute the above argument it is sometimes contended that even atheists who reject the Hereafter and follow a materialistic approach to life often lead lives that are on the whole good and decent, that they hold themselves free from corruption and injustice. Not only that but also that their actual conduct is characterized by righteousness and benevolence. However, only a little reflection will make apparent the fallacy underlying this argument. For if one were to examine any atheistic or materialistic philosophy or ideology one will not find in them any basis for righteous behaviour which draws such lavish praise from so-called 'righteous' atheists. Nor can it be established by logical reasoning that an atheistic philosophy of life provides any incentive to embrace such virtues as truthfulness, trustworthiness, honesty, faithfulness to one's commitment, benevolence, generosity, preferring the interests of others to one's own, self-restraint, chastity, recognition of the rights of others, and fulfilment of one's obligations. The fact is that once God and the Hereafter are relegated to oblivion, the only practicable course left for man is to anchor his morality on utilitarianism. All other philosophical ideas which are expounded are merely theoretical embellishments and have no relevance for man's practical life.
As for utilitarian morality - no matter how hard we might try to broaden its scope - it does not go beyond teaching man that he ought to do that which will yield to him or to his society some worldly benefit. Now since utility is the criterion of all acts, such a philosophy tends to make man cynical, with the result that in order to derive benefits, he will not differentiate between truth and lie; between trustworthiness and treachery; between honesty and dishonesty; between loyalty and perfidy; between observing justice and committing wrong. In short, a person under the spell of utilitarian ideas will be ready to do a thing or its opposite, depending on what serves his interests best. The conduct of the British is illustrative of this stance. It is sometimes contended that though the British have a materialistic outlook on life and generally do not believe in the Hereafter, they are more truthful, fairer, and more straightforward and faithful to their commitment.
The fact, however, is that the tenuous character of moral values under a utilitarian moral philosophy is amply illustrated by the character of the British.
For their actual conduct clearly shows that they do not consider moral values to have any intrinsic worth. This is evident from the fact that even those values which are held by the British to be good in their individual lives are brazenly flouted when they act as a nation. Had the qualities of truthfulness, justice, honesty and faithfulness to one's committed word been regarded as intrinsic virtues, it would have been altogether out of the question for the elected rulers of Britain to cynically violate all moral principles in governmental and international affairs and yet continue to retain the confidence of the British people. Does such a behaviour of a people who do not take the Hereafter seriously prove that they do not believe in absolute moral values? Does it also not prove that, guided by concern for material interests, such people are capable of following mutually opposed views simultaneously?
Nevertheless, if we do find some people who, in spite of their not believing in God and the Hereafter, consistently adhere to some moral virtues and abstain from evil, there should be no mistaking that their righteous conduct and piety represents the continuing influence which religious ideas and practices have over them - even if unconsciously - rather than their subscription to a materialistic philosophy of life. If they possess any portion of the wealth of morality, there can be no doubt that it was stolen from the treasure-house of religion. It is ironical that such persons are now using the same wealth derived from religious sources, to promote an irreligious way of life. We consider this an act of theft because irreligiousness and materialism are altogether bereft of morality. 

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ ۖ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الْأَنْهَارُ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ {10:9}

[Q10:9] Innal lazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati yahdeehim Rabbuhum bi eemaanihim tajree min tahtihimul anhaaru fee jannaatin Na'eem. 
[Q10:9] Surely (as for) those who believe and do good, their Lord will guide them by their faith; there shall flow from beneath them rivers in gardens of bliss.

[Q10:9] Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal soleh, Tuhan mereka akan memimpin mereka dengan sebab iman mereka yang sempurna itu. (Mereka masuk ke taman yang) sungai-sungainya mengalir di bawah tempat kediaman mereka di dalam Syurga yang penuh nikmat. 

THE JOY OF THE BELIEVERS IN PARADISE IS IN THE GLORY OF ALLAH (SWT). The greetings they give and the greetings they receive are of peace and harmony, in a continuous state of bliss.

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(10:9) Surely those who believe (in the truths revealed in the Book) and do righteous deeds their Lord will guide them aright because of their faith. Rivers shall flow beneath them in the Gardens of Bliss. *13

*13. This Qur'anic statement calls for serious reflection. The sequence of ideas presented here is also quite significant because answers have been systematically provided to a number of highly relevant basic questions. Let us look at these answers in their sequence. Why will the righteous enter Paradise? The answer is: because they have followed the straight way in their worldly life. That is, in all matters and in every walk of life, in all affairs relating to the personal or collective life they have been righteous and have abstained from false ways.
This gives rise to another question: how were the righteous able to obtain a criterion that would enable them to distinguish, at every turn and crossroad of life, between right and wrong, between good and evil, between fair and unfair? And how did they come to have the strength to adhere to what is right and avoid what is wrong? All this, of course, came from their Lord Who bestowed upon them both the guidance which they needed to know the right way and the succour required to follow it. In answer to why their Lord bestowed upon them this guidance and succour, we are reminded that all this was in consideration for their faith.
It is also made clear that this reward is not in lieu of merely a verbal profession to faith, a profession that is no more than a formal acceptance of certain propositions. Rather, the reward is in consideration for a faith that became the moving spirit of a believer's character and personality, the force that led him lo righteous deeds and conduct. We can observe in our own physical lives that a person's survival, state of health, level of energy, and joy of living all depend upon sustenance from the right kind of food. This food, once digested, provides blood to the veins and arteries, provides energy to the whole body and enables the different limbs to function properly.
The same holds true of man's success in the moral domain. It is sound beliefs which ensure that he will have the correct outlook, sound orientation and right behaviour that will ultimately lead to his success. Such results, however, do not ensue from that kind of believing which either consists of a mere profession to faith, or is confined to some obscure corner of man's head or heart. The wholesome results mentioned above can only be produced by a faith which deeply permeates man's entire being, shaping his mental outlook, even becoming his instinct; a faith which is fully reflected in his character, conduct and outlook on life. We have just noted the importance of food. We know that the person who, in spite of eating remains like one who has not partaken of any food, would not be able to enjoy the healthy results that are the lot of the person who has fully assimilated what he ate. How can it be conceived that it would be different in the moral domain of human life? How can it be that he who remains, even after believing, like the one who does not believe, will derive the benefit and receive the reward meant for those whose believing leads to righteous living?

دَعْوَاهُمْ فِيهَا سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَتَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ ۚ وَآخِرُ دَعْوَاهُمْ أَنِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ {10:10}

[Q10:10] Da'waahum feehaa Subbaanakal laahumma wa tahiyyatuhum feehaa salaam; wa aakhiru da'waahum anil hamdu lillaahi Rabbil 'aalameen.
[Q10:10] Their cry in it shall be: Glory to Thee, O ALLAH (SWT)! And their greeting in it shall be: Peace; and the last of their cry shall be: Praise be to ALLAH (SWT), the Lord of the worlds.

[Q10:10] Doa ucapan mereka di dalam Syurga itu ialah Maha Suci Engkau dari segala kekurangan wahai Tuhan! Dan ucapan penghormatan mereka padanya ialah: Selamat sejahtera! Dan akhir doa mereka ialah segala puji dipersembahkan kepada ALLAH (SwT) yang memelihara dan mentadbirkan sekalian alam! 

It is said that the salutation of the people in Paradise will be ‘Peace’ meaning it will be a life of Bliss-Perfect. This has been mentioned in verse 56:25 and 26. These verses explain the meaning of the salutation mentioned in this verse, i.e., there shall not be any vain talk BUT the mention of the bliss they will be placed in.

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(10:10) Their cry in it will be: 'Glory be to You, Our Lord!', and their greeting: 'Peace!' and their cry will always end with: 'All praise be to Allah, the Lord of the universe. *14

*14. This should remove any misconceptions about Paradise which seem to have been formed by some people of frail understanding. Subtly, the verse suggests that when people are admitted to Paradise, they will not instantly pounce upon the objects of their desire as the starved and hungry are wont to do when they observe food. Nor will they frantically go about giving vent to their lusts, impatiently demanding their cherished objects of enjoyment - beautiful women, wine, dissolute singing and music.
The fact is that the men of faith and righteousness who are admitted to Paradise will be those who, during their life in the world, have embellished their lives with sublime ideas and noble deeds, who have refined their emotions, who have oriented their desires in the right direction, and who have purified their conduct and character. Thus, the nobility which they have developed in their personalities will shine in even greater splendour when they set their feet in the pure and clean environment of Paradise. Those same traits which characterized their behaviour in the world will appear with even greater lustre.
The favourite occupation of such people in Paradise will be the same as during their life on the earth - to celebrate the praise of God. Likewise, their relationships in Paradise will be imbued with feelings of mutual harmony and concern for each other's well-being as had been the case in this world. 

SECTION 2

Ingratitude of Men

Reason for the Respite given---Man prays for help when in difficulty but forgets ALLAH immediately as he is relieved---Men were one single people but later they disagreed and got separated in tribes, and communities and nation.

وَلَوْ يُعَجِّلُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ اسْتِعْجَالَهُمْ بِالْخَيْرِ لَقُضِيَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَجَلُهُمْ ۖ فَنَذَرُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ{10:11}

[Q10:11] Wa law yu'aijilul laahu linnaasish sharras ti'jaalahum bilkhairi laqudiya ilaihim ajaluhum fanazarul lazeena laa yarjoona liqaaa'anna fee tughyaanihim ya'mahoon. 
[Q10:11] And if ALLAH (SWT) should hasten the evil to men as they desire the hastening on of good, their doom should certainly have been decreed for them; but We leave those alone who hope not for Our meeting in their inordinacy, blindly wandering on.

[Q10:11] Dan kalau ALLAH (SwT) menyegerakan bagi manusia azab sengsara yang mereka minta disegerakan, sebagaimana mereka minta disegerakan nikmat kesenangan, nescaya binasalah mereka dan selesailah ajal mereka. Oleh itu, (Kami tidak menyegerakan azab yang dimintanya), Kami biarkan orang-orang yang tidak menaruh ingatan menemui Kami itu meraba-raba dalam kesesatannya. 

Refer to the commentary of verse 7 of this surah; also refer to the commentary of al Baqarah 2:15 (8 to 20).

The use of ‘Laqa’ in this verse explains the actual meaning of the word being the ultimate return AND NOT seeing without the eyes.

Ü  In another verse (verse 67:2) it is said that THE OBJECT OF THE LIFE AND THE DEATH OF MAN WAS NOTHING BUT TO PROVE AS TO WHO AMONG THE MEN ARE THE BEST IN DEEDS.

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(10:11) Were Allah *15 to hasten to bring upon men (the consequence of) evil in the way men hasten in seeking the wealth of this world, their term would have long since expired. (But that is not Our way.) So We leave alone those who do not expect to meet Us that they may blindly stumble in their transgression.

*15. These introductory remarks are followed by a discourse which comprises the admonition and explanation of certain important points. For a fuller appreciation of the discourse, it is better to take note first of the following points about its background.
First that the prolonged and acute famine which had virtually destroyed the people of Makka had ended just a little before the revelation of these verses. The famine was so severe that even the most arrogant leaders of the Quraysh had been humbled. As a result, idol-worship had declined and people turned increasingly, with prayer and sincere supplication, to the One True God. The famine was so acute that at one stage Abu Sufyan had approached the Prophet (peace be on him) with a request to implore God to deliver them from the calamity. However, no sooner had the famine ended and heavy rains brought about a rich harvest and prosperity than the Makkans reverted to their old evil habits, to their rebellion against God, to their hostile machinations against Islam. Those who had turned to God for a short while once again became engrossed in their former apathy and wickedness. (See also al-Nahl 16: 113; al-Mu'minun23: 75-7; andal-Dukhan44: 10-16. See also al-Bukhari, Abwab al-lstisqa, Bab idha istashfa'a al-Mushrikun bi al-Muslimin 'ind al-Qaht -Ed.) Second, whenever the Prophet (peace be on him) warned the Makkans of God's punishment as a consequence of their rejecting the truth, they retorted by asking: why had God's punishment not befallen them there and then? Why was it being delayed?
In response, the Qur'an states that when it comes to punishing human beings God does not resort to the same haste which He resorts to when He wants to show mercy. The Makkans had seen that God had quickly halted the famine when they had prayed for its removal. They thought that if they were considered by God to be an evil people. He would have afflicted them with a calamitous punishment as soon as they had asked for it, or as soon as they engaged in rebellion against God. But that is not God's way. No matter how rebellious a people become, God grants them ample time to make amends. He also warns them over and over again and grants them a long respite. It is only when leniency has run its full course that His law of retribution comes into action. In sharp contrast to this is the attitude of men of low mettle. This is amply reflected in the ways of the rebellious ones among the Quraysh. When they encountered a disaster, they remembered God and bewailed and bemoaned of the same to Him. As soon as hard times were over, however, they forgot everything about God. It is precisely this kind of behaviour by different nations which invites God's punishment. 

وَإِذَا مَسَّ الْإِنْسَانَ الضُّرُّ دَعَانَا لِجَنْبِهِ أَوْ قَاعِدًا أَوْ قَائِمًا فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهُ مَرَّ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَدْعُنَا إِلَىٰ ضُرٍّ مَسَّهُ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ {10:12}

[Q10:12] Wa izaa massal insaanad durru da'aanaa lijambiheee aw qaa'idan aw qaaa'iman falammaa kashafnaa 'anhu durrahoo marra ka al lam yad'unaaa ilaa durrim massah; kazaalika zuyyina lilmusrifeena maa kaanoo ya'maloon. 

[Q10:12] And when affliction touches a man, he calls on Us, whether lying on his side or sitting or standing; but when We remove his affliction from him, he passes on as though he had never called on Us on account of an affliction that touched him; thus that which they do is made fair-seeming to the extravagant.
[Q10:12] Dan apabila seseorang manusia ditimpa kesusahan, merayulah dia kepada Kami Kami (dalam segala keadaan), samada dia sedang berbaring atau duduk ataupun berdiri dan manakala Kami hapuskan kesusahan itu daripadanya, dia terus membawa cara lamanya seolah-olah dia tidak pernah merayu kepada Kami memohon hapuskan sebarang kesusahan yang menimpanya (sebagaimana dia memandang eloknya bawaan itu) demikianlah diperelokkan pada pandangan orang-orang yang melampau apa yang mereka lakukan.  

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(10:12) And (such is man that) when an affliction befalls him, he cries out to Us, reclining and sitting and standing. But no sooner than We have removed his affliction, he passes on as though he had never cried out to Us to remove his affliction. Thus it is that the misdeeds of the transgressors are made fair-seeming to them.

وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا ۙ وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ{10:13}

[Q10:13] Wa laqad ahlaknal quroona min qablikum lammaa zalamoo wa jaaa'at hum Rusuluhum bil baiyinaati wa maa kaanoo liyu'minoo; kazaalika najzil qawmal mujrimeen. 
[Q10:13] And certainly We did destroy generations before you when they were unjust, and their messengers had come to them with clear arguments, and they would not believe; thus do We recompense the guilty people.

[Q10:13] Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah membinasakan umat-umat yang terdahulu daripada kamu semasa mereka berlaku zalim padahal telah datang kepada mereka Rasul-rasul mereka membawa keterangan-keterangan dan mereka masih juga tidak beriman. Demikianlah Kami membalas kaum yang melakukan kesalahan.  

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(10:13) Surely We destroyed the nations (which had risen to heights of glory in their times) before you *16 when they indulged in wrong-doing *17 and refused to believe even when their Messengers brought clear signs to them. Thus do We recompense the people who are guilty.

*16. In Arabic, the word qarn, which occurs in the above verse, usually denotes 'the people of a given age'. However, the word in its several usages in the Qur'an, connotes a 'nation' which, wielded in its heyday, whether fully or partially, the reins of world leadership. When it is said that a certain nation was 'destroyed' this does not necessarily mean its total annihilation. When any such nation suffers the loss of its ascendancy and leadership, when its culture and civilization become extinct, when its identity is effaced, in fact, when such a nation disintegrates and its component pans become assimilated into other nations, then it is fair to say that it has suffered destruction. 
*17. The expression zulm (wrong-doing, injustice) in the above verse has not been used in the limited sense in which it is generally used. Instead, here the word embraces the whole range of sins which consists of man exceeding the limits of service and obedience to God. (For further explanation see Towards Understanding the Qur'an, vol. I, al-Baqarah, 2, n. 49, p. 64 - Ed.) 

ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لِنَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ {10:14}

[Q10:14] Summa ja'alnaakum khalaaa'ifa fil ardi mim ba'dihim linanzura kaifa ta'maloon. 
[Q10:14] Then We made you successors in the land after them so that We may see how you act.

[Q10:14] Kemudian Kami jadikan kamu (wahai umat Muhammad) khalifah-khalifah di bumi menggantikan mereka yang telah dibinasakan itu, supaya Kami melihat apa pula corak dan bentuk kelakuan yang kamu akan lakukan.  

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(10:14) Now We have appointed you as their successors in the earth to see how you act. *18

*18. One should not lose sight of the fact that the immediate addressees of the present discourse were the people of Arabia. Here they are told that all previous nations were granted the opportunity to show their potential to do good. Instead, they took to wrong-doing and rebellion and rejected the message of the Prophets who had been raised solely to guide them. Thus they failed in the test to which they were put by God and were accordingly removed from the scene of history. Now the turn of the Arabs has come and they have also been granted the opportunity to prove their worth. They have also been put to the same test to which the previous nations had been put and in which they had failed. If the people of Arabia want to avoid meeting a similarly tragic fate, they would be well advised to avail themselves of the opportunity granted them, to learn the lessons from the history of the previous nations, and to avoid the mistakes which led to the undoing of many in the past. 

وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ ۙ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هَٰذَا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ ۚ قُلْ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِي ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ ۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ {10:15}

[Q10:15] Wa izaa tutlaa 'alaihim aayaatunaa baiyinaatin qaalal lazeena laa yarjoona liqaaa'ana'ti bi Quraanin ghairi haazaaa aw baddilh; qul maa yakoonu leee an ubaddilahoo min tilqaaa'i nafsee in attabi'u illaa maa yoohaaa ilaiya inneee akhaafu in 'asaytu Rabbee 'azaaba Yawmin 'Azeeem.
[Q10:15] And when Our clear communications are recited to them, those who hope not for Our meeting say: Bring a Qur’an other than this or change it. Say: It does not beseem me that I should change it of myself; I follow naught but what is revealed to me; surely I fear, if I disobey my Lord, the punishment of a mighty day.

[Q10:15] Dan apabila dibacakan kepada mereka ayat-ayat Kami yang jelas nyata, berkatalah orang-orang yang tidak menaruh ingatan menemui Kami (untuk menerima balasan): Bawalah Quran yang lain daripada ini atau tukarkanlah dia. Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): Aku tidak berhak menukarkannya dengan kemahuanku sendiri, aku hanya tetap menurut apa yang diwahyukan kepadaku sahaja. Sesungguhnya aku takut, jika aku menderhaka kepada Tuhanku, akan azab hari yang besar (soal jawabnya).

For "meeting with Us" refer to the commentary of verse 7 of this surah.

Some notable idolworshippers like Abdullah bin Ubayy, Walid bin Mughirah, Amr bin Abdullah and As bin Amir asked the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) to bring another Qur’an which

Ä  [1] Did not so vehemently and uncompromisingly denounce the idols and idol worship, OR

Ä  [2] To make some changes therein, by way of compromise, to suit their taste.

THE HOLY PROPHET (ALLAHUMA SALI ALA MUHAMMAD WA ALA ALI MUHAMMAD) NEVER SAID ANYTHING OF HIS OWN WILL. WHATEVER HE SAID WAS REVELATION REVEALED. See An Najm 53:3 and 4. So there was no possibility of accommodating the wild wishes of the idolaters. He could not, on his own authority, effect any change in the verses of the Qur’an.

v  Prophet Isa had also mentioned this unique and exclusive quality of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad):

"When he comes who is the spirit of truth, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own authority, but will tell only what he hears." (John 16: 13)

IN MANY VERSES THE QUR’AN ASSERTS THAT THE HOLY PROPHET (ALLAHUMA SALI ALA MUHAMMAD WA ALA ALI MUHAMMAD) DOES NOT DO ANYTHING OR SAY ANY WORD ON HIS OWN AUTHORITY BUT HE FOLLOWS THAT WHICH IS REVEALED TO HIM. ALL HIS SAYINGS ARE ALSO REVELATION, THOUGH NOT THE PART OF THE QUR’AN, AS MADE CLEAR IN VERSE 16:101 TO 103 OF AL NAHL, BUT EQUALLY DECISIVE AND BINDING.

Ø  Some commentators have thought that this passage indicates that Qur’an cannot be abrogated by the wording of the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) BUT in this passage and many other passages Qur’an has asserted that the Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) does not do anything OR utter any word of his own BUT he follows what is revealed to him. Thus his wording is also revelation but is not termed as Qur’an. See verse 16:101-103

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(10:15) And whenever Our clear revelations are recited to them, those who do not expect to meet Us say: 'Bring us a Qur'an other than this one, or at least make changes in it. *19 Tell them (O Muhammad): 'It is not for me to change it of my accord. I only follow what is revealed to me. Were I to disobey my Lord, I fear the chastisement of an Awesome Day. *20

*19. This statement of the unbelievers was based, first of all, on the misconception that the Qur'an, which the Prophet (peace he on him) presented in them as the 'Word of God' was in fact a product of his own mind which he had ascribed to God merely to invest it with authority. Moreover, they wanted to impress upon the Prophet (peace he on him) that the contents of his message were of little practical, worldly use. The emphasis on the unity of God, on the Life to Come and on the moral principles which people were asked to follow -all these were of no practical consequence to them. They virtually told the Prophet 'peace be on him.’ that if he wanted to lead them he should come forth with something that would be of benefit to them and ameliorate their worldly life. And if this was not possible, then he should at least show some flexibility in his attitude which would enable them to strike a compromise with him by effecting mutual accommodation between the Makkan unbelievers and the Prophet (peace be on him) himself
In other words, the Makkans felt that the Prophet's doctrine of God's unity should not totally exclude their polytheism: that his conception of devotion to God should be such as to allow them some scope for their worldliness and self-indulgence; that the call to believe in the Hereafter should be such that it might still be possible for them to behave in the world as they pleased and yet entertain the hope of somehow attaining salvation in the Next World. Likewise, the absolute and categorical nature of moral principles enunciated by the Prophet (peace be on him) was also unpalatable to them. They wanted moral principles to be propounded in a manner that would provide concessions to their predilections and biases, to their customs and usages, to their personal and national interests, and to the lusts and desires that they wished to satisfy.
In effect, they suggested a compromise according to which one sphere of life should be earmarked as 'religious', and in this sphere men should render to God what rightfully belongs to Him. Beyond this sphere, however, it should be left to people's discretion to run their worldly affairs as they pleased, It seemed altogether outrageous to them that the doctrines of the unity of God and accountability in the Hereafter should embrace the whole gamut of human life, and that man should be asked to subject himself entirely to the Law of God. 
*20. This is the Prophet's response to what has been said above (see n. 19 above). It is made clear that the Prophet (peace be on him) was not the author of the Qur'an; and that since it had only been revealed to him, he had no authority therefore to make any alteration in it whatsoever. It is also made clear that the question was not one that could be the subject of any bargain. The unbelievers should either accept the faith propounded by the Prophet (peace be on him) in toto or reject it in toto. 

قُلْ لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا تَلَوْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا أَدْرَاكُمْ بِهِ ۖ فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرًا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ {10:16}

[Q10:16] Qul law shaaa'al laahu maa talawtuhoo 'alaikum wa laaa adraakum bihee faqad labistu feekum 'umuram min qablih; afalaa ta'qiloon.
[Q10:16] Say: If ALLAH (SWT) had desired (otherwise) I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have taught it to you; indeed I have lived a lifetime among you before it; do you not then understand?

[Q10:16] Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): Jika ALLAH (SwT) kehendaki (supaya aku tidak membacakan Al-Quran ini kepada kamu), tentulah aku tidak dapat membacakannya kepada kamu, dan tentulah Dia tidak memberitahu kamu akan Al-Quran ini (dengan perantaraanku); kerana sesungguhnya aku telah tinggal dalam kalangan kamu satu masa yang lanjut (dan kamu pula mengenal aku sebagai seorang yang amanah) sebelum turunnya Al-Quran ini; maka mengapa kamu tidak mahu memikirkannya? 

The Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad) had lived his whole life of purity and virtue amongst his people, AND THEY knew and acknowledged it before he declared his divine mission.

HIS FAIR CHARACTER AND HONOURABLE BEARING WON THE APPROBATION OF THE FELLOW CITIZENS; AND HE RECEIVED THE TITLE, BY COMMON CONSENT, OF AL-AMIN (THE TRUSTED) AND AL-SADIQ (THE TRUTHFUL).

The Holy Prophet (ALLAHuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala ali Muhammad)'s truthfulness was a byword in Makka. Then under ALLAH (SWT)'s command he preached the unity of ALLAH (SWT) and denounced idolatry.

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(10:16) Tell them: 'Had Allah so willed, I would not have recited the Qur'an to you, nor would Allah have informed you of it. I have spent a lifetime among you before this. Do you, then, not use your reason? *21

*21. This is indeed a very weighty argument in refutation of the unbelievers' allegation that the Prophet (peace be on him) had himself authored the Qur'an and subsequently ascribed it to God. So far as other arguments are concerned, they might be considered as somewhat remote. But the argument based on the life and character of the Prophet (peace be on him) was particularly weighty since the Makkans were thoroughly familiar with the whole of his life. Before his designation as a Prophet, he had spent a full forty years in their midst. He was born in their city. They had observed his childhood, and then his youth, and it was in their city that he had reached his middle age. He had also had a variety of dealings with them. He had had social interaction, business transactions, matrimonial ties, and relationships of every conceivable nature with his people so that no aspect of his life was hidden from their view. Could there be a more powerful testimony to the truth of his claim to prophethood than his blameless life and character? 
Two things about the life of the Prophet (peace be on him) were especially clear and were quite well known to all Makkans. First, that during the forty years of his life before his designation as a Prophet, he had received no instruction from, or even enjoyed the company of learned people which could have served as the source of the ideas which began to flow, as would a stream, from his lips as soon as he claimed, at the age of forty, that he had been designated as a Prophet. Before that he was never seen to have been concerned with the problems, or to have discussed the subjects, or to have expressed the ideas which frequently recur in the Qur'an. In fact none of his closest friends and relatives had foreseen in his pre-Prophetic life any signs indicative of the great message which he suddenly started to preach at the age of forty. These pieces of evidence, taken together, provide incontrovertible evidence that the Qur'an is not a product of the Prophet's mind; that it had come to the Prophet (peace be on him) from without. For no human being can produce something for which traces of growth and evolution are not found in the earlier period of his life.
This explains the fact that when some of the more crafty Makkan unbelievers realized the sheer absurdity of their allegation that the Prophet (peace be on him) was the author of the Qur'an, they chose to propagate that there must be some other person who had taught the Prophet (peace be on him) the Qur'an. Such a statement, however, was even more preposterous since they failed to convincingly point out who that other person was who was the true source of the Qur'an. Even leaving aside Makka, the fact is that there was not a single person throughout the length and breadth of Arabia who possessed the competence needed for the authorship of the Qur'an. Had such an extraordinary person existed, how could he have remained hidden from the sight of others?
Second, the pre-Prophetic life of Muhammad (peace be on him) clearly shows him to be a man of exceptionally high moral character for there was not the least trace of any evil - whether lies, deceit, vile cunning or trickery. On the contrary, all those who came into contact with the Prophet (peace be on him) were impressed by him as a person of flawless character, as one utterly truthful and trustworthy.
An illustration in point is the incident related in connection with the re-building of the Ka'bah five years before his designation as a Prophet. There was a serious dispute between the various families of the Quraysh on the question as to who should have the privilege of placing the Black Stone in its place in the edifice of the Ka'bah, In order to reach an amicable accord, they resolved that they would abide by the ruling given by the first person who entered the Ka'bah the following day. The next day people saw it was the Prophet (peace be on him) who was the first to enter. They exclaimed: 'Here is a trustworthy man (amin). We agree [to follow his ruling]. He is Muhammad.' (Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, vol. 1, p. 146 - Ed.) Thus, before designating
Muhammad (peace be on him) as a Prophet, God had the whole body of the Quraysh testify to his trustworthiness. No room was left, therefore, for suspecting that he who had never resorted to lying or deceit throughout his life would suddenly resort to fabricating a gigantic lie; that he would first compose something, then deny that it was his work, and would then ascribe it to God.
In view of the above, God directs the Prophet (peace be on him) to ask the unbelievers to use their brains before levelling such a stupid allegation against him. For the Prophet (peace be on him) was after all no stranger to them; he had spent virtually a whole lifetime in their midst. In view of the well-known and uniformly high level of his conduct and character, how could it even be conceived that he would falsely ascribe the Qur'an to God if God had not actually revealed it to him. (For further elaboration see al-Qasas 28, n. 109.) 

فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ {10:17}

[Q10:17] Faman azlamu mimmanif taraa 'alal laahi kaziban aw kazzaba bi Aayaatih; innahoo laa yuflihul mujrimoon. 
[Q10:17] Who is then more unjust than who forges a lie against ALLAH (SWT) or (who) gives the lie to His communications? Surely the guilty shall not be successful.

[Q10:17] Dengan yang demikian, tidaklah ada yang lebih zalim daripada orang yang berdusta terhadap ALLAH (SwT) atau yang mendustakan ayat-ayatNya. Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang berdosa itu tidak akan berjaya.  

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(10:17) Who, then, is a greater wrong-doer than he who forges a lie against Allah or rejects His signs as false? *22 Surely the guilty shall not prosper. *23

*22. If the verses of the Qur'an were in fact not from God but had been composed by the Prophet (peace be on him) who then claimed them to be from God, the Prophet would be guilty of the worst kind of wrong. But if, on the contrary, the Qur'an was the word of God, those who rejected it as false must be regarded as the worst kind of wrong-doers. 
*23. The Qur'anic term falah (prosperity, success) used in the above verse has been understood by some to signify such things as longevity, worldly prosperity and other worldly attainments. Under this false impression, they tend to believe that if a claimant to prophethood attains material prosperity and longevity or if his message is spread around, then he ought to be considered a genuine Prophet because he has indeed attained 'prosperity'. Had he been an impostor, it is argued, he would soon have been assassinated, or would have starved to death, and, in any case, his message would not have spread around. Such an absurd line of argument can only be pursued by those who are altogether ignorant of the concept of falah (prosperity) as envisaged in the Qur'an, who are unaware of God's law of respite regarding evil-doers, and who are altogether unappreciative of the special meaning in which the term has been employed in the present context.
In order to fully understand what is meant by saying that 'the guilty shall not prosper', a number of things ought to be borne in mind. In the first place, the Qur'anic statement that "the guilty shall not prosper' is not made with a view to providing a yardstick that might be applied by people so as to determine the truth or falsity of the claimants of prophethood. The verse does not seek to stress that all those who 'prosper' after claiming to be a Prophet are truly Prophets, and that those who do not prosper after making such a claim are not so. The point of emphasis here is altogether different. Here the Prophet (peace be on him) is being made to say that since he knows fully that those guilty of inventing lies against Allah could not prosper, he would not dare make any claim to prophethood if such a claim was false.
On the other hand, the Prophet (peace be on him) also knew that the unbelievers were guilty of rejecting the true signs of God and of declaring a true Prophet of God to be an impostor. In view of that monstrous guilt, it was quite apparent to the Prophet (peace be on him) that they would not prosper.
Moreover, the Qur'anic term falah (prosperity, success) has not been used in the limited sense of worldly success. Rather, it denotes that enduring success which admits of no failure regardless of whether one is able to achieve success in the present phase of one's existence or not. It is quite possible that someone who calls people to falsehood might enjoy life and nourish in a worldly sense, and he might even be able to attain a substantial following for his message. But this is not true prosperity or success; rather it constitutes total loss and failure. Contrarily, it is also possible that someone who calls people to the truth might be exposed to much persecution and be overwhelmed by pain and suffering. It is possible that even before he is able to create any significant following, he is continually subjected to persecution and torture. In the Qur'anic view, such an apparently tragic end constitutes the very zenith of such a person's success rather than his failure.
Moreover, it should be remembered that it has been amply elucidated in the Qur'an that God does not punish evil-doers instantly: that He rather grants them a fair opportunity to mend their ways. Not only that, if the evil-doers misuse the respite granted by God to perpetrate further wrongs, they are sometimes granted an even further respite. In fact, at times a variety of worldly favours are bestowed upon such evil-doers in order that the potential for wickedness inherent in them might be fully exposed by their actions, proving that they do indeed deserve a very severe punishment. Hence, if an impostor continues to enjoy periods of respite and if worldly favours are lavished upon him this should not in any way give rise to the notion that he is on the right path.
In the same way as God grants respite to other evil-doers. He also grants respite to impostors. There are no grounds whatsoever for believing that the respite granted to other evil-doers would not be granted to those impostors who lay false claim to prophethood. We may well call to mind that Satan himself has been granted a respite until Doomsday, It has never been indicated that although Satan is granted a free hand to misguide human beings, as soon as he throws up an impostor claiming prophethood such a venture is instantly nipped in the bud.
In order to refute the view expressed above it is possible that someone may refer to the following verse of the Qur'an: Now if he [i.e. Muhammad] would have made up, ascribed some sayings to Us, We would indeed have seized him by the right hand, and then indeed would have cut his life-vein (al-Haqqah 69: 44-6).
Even a little reflection makes it obvious that the verse in question does not contradict the view we have expressed above. For, what the present verse says relates to a principle which God follows in dealing with true Prophets. Were any such Prophet to falsely claim something to be a revelation from God, he would instantly be seized by God's wrath. To argue to the contrary that all those who are not seized by God's wrath are necessarily genuine Prophets is simply a logical fallacy devoid of any justification. For the threat of instant Divine wrath embodied in this verse is applicable only to true Prophets, and not to impostors who, like other evil-doers, are granted a respite.
This can be well understood if we bear in mind the disciplinary rules laid down by different governments for their officials. It is obvious that those rules are not enforced in respect of ordinary citizens. Were the latter to lay any false claim to being a government official, he would be subjected to the normal rules of the criminal code relating to the conviction of those who are guilty of fraud rather than to the disciplinary rules meant for government officials. Under this analogy, an impostor who claims to be a Prophet, would be dealt with by God along with other evil-doers who commit evil, and who, as we know, are not necessarily punished immediately.
In any case, as we have pointed out earlier, the verses quoted above were not revealed so as to provide the criterion to judge the truth of anyone who lays claim to prophethood. This verse should not be considered to mean that if a celestial hand stretches forth to cut off the life-vein of a claimant to prophethood, such a person is an impostor; and if that does not happen, he is a genuine Prophet. Such a weird criterion would have been needed only if no other means were available to judge the genuineness of a claimant to prophethood. But as things stand, a Prophet is known by his character, by his work, and by the contents of his message. 

وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ قُلْ أَتُنَبِّئُونَ اللَّهَ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ {10:18}

[Q10:18] Wa ya'budoona min doonil laahi maa laa yadurruhum wa laa yanfa'uhum wa yaqooloona haaa'ulaaa'i shufa'aaa 'unaa 'indal laah; qul atunabbi 'oonal laaha bima laa ya'lamu fis samaawaati wa laa fil ard; subhaanahoo wa Ta'aalaa 'ammaa yushrikoon. 
[Q10:18] And they serve beside ALLAH (SWT) what can neither harm them nor profit them, and they say: These are our intercessors with ALLAH (SWT). Say: Do you (presume to) inform ALLAH (SWT) of what He knows not in the heavens and the earth? Glory be to Him, and supremely exalted is He above what they set up (with Him).

[Q10:18] Dan mereka menyembah yang lain dari ALLAH (SwT), sesuatu yang tidak dapat mendatangkan mudarat kepada mereka dan tidak dapat mendatangkan manfaat kepada mereka dan mereka pula berkata: Mereka (yang kami sembah itu) ialah pemberi-pemberi syafaat kepada kami di sisi ALLAH (SwT). Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): Adakah kamu hendak memberitahu kepada ALLAH (SwT) akan apa yang Dia tidak mengetahui adanya di langit dan di bumi (padahal ALLAH (SwT) mengetahui segala-galanya)? Maha Suci ALLAH (SwT) dan tertinggi keadaanNya dari apa yang mereka sekutukan.

TO PRETEND THAT THERE ARE OTHER POWERS THAN ALLAH (SWT) IS TO INVENT LIES. The idolaters shut their eyes to the goodness and glory of ALLAH (SWT), and go after false gods, AND SAY BY WAY OF EXCUSE that their (false) gods will intercede for them and save them from eternal punishment on the Day of Judgment.

¥  EVEN THE NOBLEST CANNOT INTERCEDE AS A RIGHT, BUT ONLY WITH HIS PERMISSION. See commentary of al Baqarah 2:48.

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(10:18) They worship, beside Allah, those who can neither harm nor profit them, saying; 'These are our intercessors with Allah.' Tell them (O Muhammad): 'Do you inform Allah of something regarding whose existence in the heavens or on the earth He has no knowledge? *24 Holy is He and He is exalted far above what they associate with Him in His divinity'.

*24. To say that something is not known to God amounts to saying that it does not exist. For, quite obviously, all that exists is known to God. The above verse thus subtly points out the non-existence of any intercessors on behalf of unbelievers insofar as God does not know that there exist any in the heavens, or on the earth who would intercede on behalf of the unbelievers. That being so, who are those intercessors about whose existence and whose power of intercession with God the unbelievers wanted to inform the Prophet (peace be on him)? 

وَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيمَا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ {10:19}

[Q10:19] Wa maa kaanan naasu illaaa ummmatanw waahidatan fakh talafoo; wa law laa kalimatun sabaqat mir Rabbika laqudiya bainahum fee maa feehi yakhtalifoon. 
[Q10:19] And people are naught but a single nation, so they disagree; and had not a word already gone forth from your Lord, the matter would have certainly been decided between them in respect of that concerning which they disagree.

[Q10:19] Dan (ketahuilah bahawa) manusia pada mulanya tidak memeluk melainkan agama yang satu (agama ALLAH (SwT)), kemudian (dengan sebab menurut hawa nafsu dan Syaitan) mereka berselisihan dan kalau tidaklah kerana telah terdahulu Kalimah ketetapan dari Tuhanmu (untuk menangguhkan hukuman hingga hari kiamat), tentulah telah diputuskan hukuman di antara mereka (dengan segeranya di dunia) mengenai apa yang mereka perselisihkan itu.

Refer to the commentary of al Baqarah 2:213.

IN HIS UNIVERSAL PLAN ALLAH (SWT) HAS DEFERRED THE FINAL JUDGMENT TILL THE DAY OF RESURRECTION, otherwise the idolaters would have been punished at once.

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(10:19) Once all men were but a single community; then they disagreed (and formulated different beliefs and rites). *25 Had it not been that your Lord had already so ordained, a decisive judgement would have been made regarding their disagreements. *26

*25. For further elaboration see Towards Understanding the Qur'an, vol. I, al-Baqarah 2, n. 230, pp. 165-6, and ibid., vol. II, al-An 'am 6, n. 24, pp. 228-9 -Ed. 
*26. THE FACT IS THAT GOD HAS WILFULLY KEPT REALITY BEYOND THE KEN OF MAN'S SENSE-PERCEPTION. THIS WAS DONE SO AS TO TEST WHETHER MAN, BY MAKING PROPER USE OF HIS REASON, CONSCIENCE AND INTUITION, IS ABLE TO FIND THE RIGHT WAY. As a logical corollary of this, God allows those who decide to follow any other way rather than the right one to do so. Had this not been the case, the reality could have been instantly unmasked and that would have put an end to all disagreements relating to the issue.
This statement has been made in order to remove a major misconception. Many people feel disconcerted today, as they felt disconcerted at the time when the Qur'an was revealed, by the fact that there are found different religions in the world and that the followers of each of these are convinced that their religion alone is the true one. People have been puzzled as to how to determine which religion is the right one and which is not.
In this regard, the Qur'anic view which is being articulated here is that multiplicity of religions does not constitute the original state of things, that it is a relatively later development in human history. Initially, all mankind professed a single religion, and that religion was the true one. Later on, people began to disagree regarding the truth and this gave rise to different religions and creeds. Now it is not likely that God would dramatically appear before them and reveal the reality to them directly during the present phase of their worldly existence. For, the very purpose of the present life is to test people. And this test consists of finding out who discovers the reality - even though it is beyond the reach of the senses - with the help of his reason and common sense. 

وَيَقُولُونَ لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ۖ فَقُلْ إِنَّمَا الْغَيْبُ لِلَّهِ فَانْتَظِرُوا إِنِّي مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الْمُنْتَظِرِينَ {10:20}

[Q10:20] Wa yaqooloona law laaa unzila 'alaihi aayatum mir Rabbihee faqul innamal ghaibu lillaahi fantaziroo innee ma'akum minal muntazireen. 
[Q10:20] And they say: Why is not a sign sent to him from his Lord? Say: The unseen is only for ALLAH (SWT); therefore wait-- surely I too, with you am of those who wait.

[Q10:20] Dan mereka yang ingkar itu berkata: Mengapa tidak diturunkan kepada (Muhammad) satu mukjizat dari Tuhannya? Maka jawablah (wahai Muhammad): Sesungguhnya perkara yang ghaib itu tertentu bagi ALLAH (SwT); oleh itu tunggulah (hukuman ALLAH (SwT)), sesungguhnya aku juga di antara orang-orang yang menunggu. 

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(10:20) They say: 'Why was a sign not sent down upon the prophet from His Lord? *27 Tell (such people): 'The realm of the Unseen belongs to Allah. Wait, then; I shall wait along with you. *28

*27. The word 'sign' in the verse refers to the proof which supports a person's claim that he is a true Prophet and that his teaching is truly from God. In this connection it ought to be remembered that the demand of the unbelievers that the Prophet (peace be on him) should bring forth some sign to support his claim to be a Prophet was not made with sincerity, Their position was not that of a group of sincere people who were otherwise keen to accept the truth as soon as it became apparent to them, and who were ready to mould their own conduct, habits and social life according to its requirements, and all that they were waiting for was some sign, some proof, that would create in them a genuine conviction. The fact, on the contrary, was that the unbelievers' demand for miraculous signs was merely a pretext which they proffered in order to rationalize their disbelief. For they were sure to reject every sign, regardless of what that sign was, as unconvincing. Since they were hardened unbelievers, they were not prepared at all to accept such unseen truths as the unity of God and the Hereafter which would have led them to give up their
*28. The Prophet's statement conveys the idea that he had faithfully presented to them whatever God had revealed to him. As for the things which had not been revealed to the Prophet (peace be on him) they constitute ghayb (the realm of the unseen). Now, it is only God and none else who can decide whether to reveal any part of the ghayb ('the unseen') or not. Hence, if some people's believing was contingent upon their observing the signs which God had not revealed, then they might as well keep waiting indefinitely for those signs. The Prophet (peace be on him) would also wait and see whether God would yield to their adamant demands for miraculous signs or not